类人猿行动

完成度很高，是的，整部电影两个多小时可以说没有尿点，节奏很快，思绪一直被电影抓着。

运镜、灯光、布景、剪辑都很成熟。

几个演员的表演都在线，尤其是两个男主角，尤其墨菲，层次分明、角色立体。

最终几个伞兵的自杀，说实话，把我这个大老爷们看哭了。

同样是讲二战当中的刺杀，我觉得此片的某些特质和李安的色戒有异曲同工之处，至少在渲染敌占之后的压抑恐怖氛围，都很到位，让观众至少对我来说，真真切切的感觉到压抑，感觉到恐怖。

此时的两位勇敢的女孩子无疑给压抑至极的气氛增添了一丝温暖。

后面几个党卫头目阴狠毒辣的审讯更是给我留下了不小的阴影。

我觉得此片的可贵在于真实，首先事件是真实的，最重要的角色的表演和塑造很到位增加了代入感，是真实的。

不管是墨菲饰演的伞兵时刻保持的那种警惕，还是詹米饰演伞兵在一些危险时刻而极度紧张到无法呼吸，这都是真实的，这才是一个正常人该有的自然的反应，不管受到多少专业的训练，在自己的生命收到威胁，自己的被俘将会受到各种酷刑伺候时的那种绝望，每个人都会紧张到无法自控。

电影讲述的身为勇闯敌占区去刺杀纳粹首领的伞兵，首先他是一个人，然后才是身为士兵的使命和责任，最后是对于国家和民族的信念，这才显的真实。

我们需要这样真实的电影，看过太多杀人如砍瓜切菜的爽片之后，这样真实的电影才显得可贵的。

让大家看到真实，看到纳粹、侵略者的残忍和反人类，看到战争的残酷，看到反抗斗争的不易，如此我们才会更真切懂得人类勇敢和牺牲的可贵。

别动不动就战争打仗，甚至刚过上好日子没几年就忘了先烈们、忘了逝去的人们给我们争取来的这一切。

同样的道理也得让欧洲的一些傻缺青年知道知道，看一看什么是真正的战争，看一看纳粹代表什么，一个国家被占领意味着什么。

【在布拉格的教堂里，7名伞兵为世界捐躯，纵使爆炸四起、流弹四散，坚韧的意志也战胜了死亡的恐惧。

】

《类人猿行动》莱因哈德·海德里希死了，在病榻上苟延残喘了一周后，这名纳粹的三把手（存疑，戈林更有实权）、布拉格的屠夫终于在1942年6月4日结束了他邪恶的一生。

而海德里希死亡的主因，源于一场针对他的刺杀。

1941年9月29日，海德里希来到布拉格。

当晚，他就宣布在捷克斯洛伐克主要城市实行戒严，开始着手打击捷克斯洛伐克地下抵抗运动，他血腥暴力的压制将英国在捷克斯洛伐克的情报网几近一网打尽。

在震怒之余，英国战时首相丘吉尔特批英国安全协调局的秘密行动队立刻秘密潜入捷克斯洛伐克，执行代号［类人猿］的行动，行动内容一言足以蔽之，行动队与捷克斯洛伐克残余的英国特工汇合并策划袭杀莱因哈特·海德里希。

詹·库比兹与约瑟夫·盖伯瑟克就是特别行动队的全部成员。

詹年轻，约瑟夫年长，但二人都是经过严密训练的特工。

1941年12月28日，二人在布拉格三十公里外的郊区降落，但茂密的树林和乌漆麻黑的状态遮挡了他们的视野，詹平安降落，但约瑟夫却不慎丢失了装备和划伤了腿，但好在，两人没有引起他人的注意，唯一注意到他们的伐木工人虽然想举报他们，也被詹一枪爆头。

在潜入了布拉格后，二人没多久就和反抗组织因德拉联络上了，但因德拉的领袖认为他们疯了，两个人就敢密谋暗杀海德里希，那何不野心再大点，去柏林暗杀希特勒?

因德拉组织经过海德里希的白色恐怖之后死伤惨重，整个组织内部只剩下十来个人。

领袖原以为约瑟夫是来帮助因德拉重新与伦敦建立联系的，但那并不是他们的任务，因德拉领袖拒绝帮助二人，但此时争论毫无意义，暗杀海德里希不是一蹴而就的，众人只能暂时安顿下来容后再议。

因德拉组织将詹和约瑟夫安顿在了一个布拉格之家中，二人秘密的收集着有关海德里希的行动路线，这并不难调查。

海德里希对自己在布拉格的铁腕暴力信心满满，经常坐在敞篷奔驰上肆意狂飙，有时干脆不带卫戍，在街上独自行驶。

这是最合适的时机，但是英国一直不下达准确命令，约瑟夫和詹只能继续潜伏。

在潜伏期间，二位特工也收获了战时爱情，詹认识了玛利亚、约瑟夫认识了兰卡，爱的火花在这座压抑的城市里悄然绽放，詹甚至还向玛利亚求了婚。

但短暂的安定没有让他们忘记自己的使命，他们记得自己的目的，也清楚自己的下场。

说是特工，他们也不过是炮灰中的一员。

当英国下达继续完成［类人猿行动］的命令时，詹在恐惧，他获得了爱和安定，他恐惧自己的结局，但在约瑟夫的照料下，他恢复了精神。

因德拉组织也接受了伦敦的命令，为了协助二位特工，他们也已经做好了赴死的准备，甚至随身带着氰化物胶囊以免落入敌手。

1942年5月27日早上10点30分，詹和约瑟夫以及另外两人早早等在海德里希的必经之地。

当海德里希的敞篷奔驰驶近两人时，约瑟夫迅速冲至车前试图开火，然而他的斯登冲锋枪却卡壳了。

海德里希于是命其司机，党卫队上士克莱因停车，掏出手枪欲结果约瑟夫，而埋伏在后的詹立刻抛出一枚反坦克手榴弹炸翻了海德里希的座驾。

詹和约瑟夫因为一击未果，初步认定作战失败，只得分头撤离，但他们不知道的是，那枚反坦克手榴弹炸裂的碎片划破右挡泥板，连同座椅碎屑深深嵌入海德里希体内，深入脾脏。

（这里放不了海德里希的图片，大家可以百度搜索一下）

詹和约瑟夫在当晚逃回了藏身地，却立刻收到了约瑟夫的爱人兰卡死于党卫军疯狂的报复行动的消息，约瑟夫几近暴走，而詹只能强行控制着约瑟夫恢复冷静。

在经过激烈争执后，约瑟夫只得同意陪着詹一同离开这里，停留在藏身地会为这家人带来灭顶之灾。

因德拉领袖将二人连同另外五名伦敦派来的伞兵安置在西里尔默多狄教堂内，一直隐藏到了6月10，在躲藏期间，几人了解到海德里希在6月4日因败血症而亡，［类人猿行动］顺利完成，但随着成功而来的是另一则噩耗，海德里希死后，他的导师希特勒为了给他报仇，在捷克斯洛伐克发动了大屠杀，5000名男女老幼葬身其中，16000人被关进集中营。

而在捷克斯洛伐克的迪利策村，1942年6月10日，纳粹德国军队为实施报复，焚烧了利迪策村所有房屋，屠杀了全村年龄在15岁以上的173名男性村民，妇女则被送往集中营，另有88名儿童在集中营被德军用毒气杀害。

此次屠杀共有约340人遇难。

为了纪念死在这次人祸的儿童们，国际儿童节也被正式确立在每年的6月1日。

而在教堂之外，因德拉组织近乎全灭，当初收容詹和约瑟夫的家庭被因德拉内部想要保命的成员出卖，而在严刑拷打之下，西里尔默多狄教堂内藏着的成员们曝光了。

德国占领军调动19名军官和740名士兵围捕暗杀行动组，先行死去的是詹和另外两名站岗的伞兵，击退多次进攻，打死打伤数十名德军，而两名伞兵相继离世，詹则在子弹只剩最后一发时饮弹自尽。

一个曾经犹豫的战士已经学会教会别人如何冷静地战斗，一个为了战友能够牺牲一切的战士只能在地下室静静地等候最后一声枪声冷寂下去。

而约瑟夫则和其他3名伞兵藏于教堂地下室内，四人在地下室入口处击毙了许多敌人。

最终，经过敌人放水、烟熏后，约瑟夫等四人饮弹自尽，自此，七名伞兵已和纳粹在教堂内鏖战了六个小时，他们在生命结束前用力发着光，随后，转身共赴国殇。

【END】

接下来是我的看法首先是值得吗?［类人猿行动］被誉为是二战历史上最成功的一次暗杀行动，而且没有之一。

海德里希也由此成为了二战期间被暗杀的军阶最高的德军军官。

此次暗杀行动之后，希特勒对捷克进行了血腥报复，超过5000名捷克平民不分男女老幼全都被疯狂杀害，英国战时首相丘吉尔随即宣布1938年签署的慕尼黑协定作废。

并将捷克看作是为自由而战的重要盟友，二战历史由此掀开了新的一页。

从战略目的上来看，这项计划是完美成功的，因为计划初衷其实有两个。

第一个是，海德里希当时在捷克的白色恐怖干得很成功，捷克人已经不太反抗德国的占领，捷克的军工工业眼看就要被吸纳进德国的战争体系里了。

第二个是，无论是英国还是捷克的流亡政府，实际上早就预料到了在刺杀海德里希后的纳粹的报复，目的就是为了激起捷克的反抗意识，用来坚定抵抗组织的反抗决心和世界反法西斯力量的团结。

这种擒贼先擒王的牺牲值不值得，我没有资格去言论，我只能说，从结果上来看，［类人猿行动］是成功的。

接下来讲回电影这部电影相当的不错，角色的表演和塑造很到位，这增加了观影时的代入感，让观众能去体会真实的过去。

没有大起大落，只有残酷冷静的史实却是电影重要的意义之一，讲好那个你我能从书本、照片上看见的故事。

熬过了前半段的潜伏，才能感受后半段的悲壮。

这部电影没有将詹和约瑟夫所代表的身份神话，他们在成为士兵前首先是一个人，他们会因为必死的绝望而感到恐惧，会因为挚爱被杀而肝肠寸断，但他们在立于人的位置上时，依旧没有忘却身为士兵的使命和责任，以及对于国家和民族的信念。

从“我不想死”到“我不怕死”，中间经历了怎样的折磨?从惊慌失措到镇定自若，把氢化物和最后一颗子弹留给了自己，壮烈殉国，这其中经历了怎样的决绝?

高度还原二战中唯一针对纳粹高层的盟军作战——刺杀有“布拉格屠夫”之称的纳粹三号人物海德里希行动。

120分钟的电影只是一个简约版，克制，忠实，隐忍地表现勇气和牺牲，更加波澜壮阔的史实留给影片头尾的字幕去言不尽意……历史远比电影更残虐更惊心——1.暗杀行动由英国和捷克流亡政府共同发起，海德里希因伤而亡；行动小组的七名成员在围捕时顽强抵抗6小时，最终全部饮弹自尽。

2.行刺招致盖世太保疯狂报复，5000人被处死，13000人被关入集中营。

在最臭名昭著的利迪策惨案中，纳粹处死了村子里16岁以上全部男丁，妇孺被送进集中营，后大部分死在其中，共有88名儿童被残害，这成为国际儿童节的起源。

3.捷克流亡政府对德军会以“集体责任”为由血腥报复始料未及，他们认为就激起捷克人民的反抗而言，这次屠杀是可被接受的代价。

4.至此，由英法德意四国联合签署，打着“以土地换和平”的名义，实则以出卖和牺牲捷克向纳粹求和的《慕尼黑协定》彻底破产。

英法两国被啪啪打脸，其在欧洲的同盟体系土崩瓦解，自己喝下绥靖软弱和助纣为虐带来的毒酒。

我说：使用Google浏览器有翻译功能，目测可以翻译后中文可以保持较准确的原意。

A famous person said: history is always similar to be seen in multiple events along the historical river.So a series of arrows will eventually point to the single event through various facts and documents. This event may be ranged shortly among very short moment or a long historical stage.This paper will focus on the history from the film ‘Anthropoid’ through investigating and collecting information as to give a clear, equal and unbiased appearance towards every main characters in the film. Additionally, this paper will focus on the eventsappeared in this film.

WWII Europe 1941-1942 MapBefore introducing the event of Operation Anthropoid which is the original event in the film, we should firstly introduce the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.

Czechoslovakia during 1918-1938Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was a protectorate of Nazi Germany established on 16 March 1939 following the German occupation of Czechoslovakia on 15 March 1939. Czechoslovakia was firstly demanded to give the control of the Sudetenland to Adolf Hitler in September 1938. And on 26 September 1938, Britain and France ceded control in the Appeasement at the Munich Conference, which was finally known by the world, the Munich Agreement. Additionally, the remainder (“rump”) of Czechoslovakia was invaded and divided into the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and the puppet Slovak State.Until to the date on 27 September 1941, Reinhard Heydrich, the aim of Operation Anthropoid, was appointed Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and assumed control of the territory.

Reinhard HeydrichDue to the reason that Hitler, Himmler, and Heydrich felt the former protector Konstantin von Neurath’s “soft approach” to the Czechs had promoted anti-German sentiment and encouraged anti-German resistance via strikes and sabotage. Upon his appointment, Heydrich told his aides:We will Germanize the Czeh vermin. Heydrich came to Prague, the capital of Czech, to enforce policy, fight resistance to the Nazi regime, and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were “extremely important to the German war effort”. To realize his goals Heydrich demanded racial classification of those who could and could not be Germanized. He explained: Making this Czech garbage into Germans must give way to methods based on racist thought.During his rule by terrorizing the population of Protector before the date on December 1941, the date of starting the plan of Operation Anthropoid, Heydrich arrested estimated between 4,000 and 5,000 people. By 3 October 1941, the decision was taken by Czechoslovak military intelligence in London to kill Heydrich. This is the starting date of planning Operation Anthropoid.Planning OperationThere are several reasons of planning to kill Heydrich. Firstly, he was one of the most powerful men in Nazi Germany and an important figure in the rise of Adolf Hitler; he was given overall charge of the Final Solution (Holocaust) of the Jews in Europe. Secondly, killing him can help confer legitimacy on government-in-exile in London, as well as for retribution against Heydrich’s brutally efficient rule. The third reason is that, during the WWII, the resistance was active from the very beginning of occupation in several other countries defeated in open warfare, but the subjugated Czech lands remained relatively calm and produced significant amounts of materiel for Nazi Germany. The purpose of operation is to demonstrated to senior Nazis that they were not beyond the reach of allied forces and the resistance groups they supported. (Maybe this is the reason in the beginning screen that the locals want to sell the two intelligence to the Nazi. Some of the locals in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia wanted to follow the rule by Nazi German rather than defeating. Another reason of selling was probably the terrorizing control by Heydrich.) After starting the plan, Czechoslovak intelligence was trained by the British Special Operation Executive (SOE). Preparation began on 20 October 1941. the intelligence was selected from 2,000 exiled Czechoslovak soldiers based in Britain. In the training, one of the intelligence of operation was replaced by another person after the intelligence received a head injury during training. This replacement made the new intelligence named Jan Kubis had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. (The potential reason of operation “failure”) Another intelligence was Jozef Gabcik. InsertionOn 28 December 1941, the intelligence, Gabcik and Kubis landed near the east of Prague and there was a mistaken landing due to the navigation problems of pilots. In Prague, they contacted several families and anti-Nazi organizations who helped them during the preparations for the assassination. Upon learning of the nature of the mission, resistance leaders begged the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to call off the attack, say that:An attempt against Heydrich’s life... would be of no use to the Allies and its consequences for our people would be immeasurable. Benes, the head of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in British, personally broadcast a message insisting that the attack go forward, although he denied any involvement after the war. Professor Voitech Mastny, an American historian of Czech descent, argues that he clung to the scheme as the last resort to dramatize Czech resistance.Gabcik and Kubis initially planned to kill Heydrich on a train, but after examination of the practicalities, they realized this was not going to be possible. A second plan was to kill him on forest road that led from Heydrich’s home to Prague. They planned to pull a cable across the road that would stop Heydrich’s car but, after waiting several hours, their commander, Lt. Adolf Opalka who was a member of the Czech sabotage group Out Distance, a WWII anti-Nazi resistance group and a participant in Operation Anthropoid, came to bring them back to Prague. A third plan was to kill Heydrich in Prague. The Attack in Prague and Medical Treatment and Death of HeydrichOn 27 May 1942 at 10:30, Heydrich started his daily commute from his home in Paneske Brezany to his headquarters at Prague Castle. Gabcik and Kubis waited at the tram stop at a tight curve near Bulovka Hospital in Prague 8-Liben, where the curve would force the car to slow down. Josef Valcik, member of the Resistance from group Silver A, was positioned about 100 meters north of Gabcik and Kubis as lookout for the approaching car. Heydrich's green, open-topped Mercedes 320 Convertible B reached the curve two minutes later. As Heydrich's car slowed, Gabčík stepped in front of the vehicle and tried to open fire with his Sten submachine gun, but it jammed and failed to fire. Instead of ordering his driver, SS-Oberscharführer Klein, to speed away, Heydrich called his car to halt and then stood up to shoot Gabčík with his Luger pistol. Kubiš then threw a modified anti-tank grenade (concealed in a briefcase) at the rear of the car as it stopped and its fragments ripped through the car's right rear fender, embedding shrapnel and fibres from the upholstery into Heydrich’s body, upon detonation, wounding him. Kubiš was also injured by the shrapnel.

Another of Heydrich’s Mercedes 320 Convertible B cars, similar to the one in which he was mortally wounded. Heydrich staggered out of the car, apparently unaware of his shrapnel injuries, with his gun in his hand; Gabčík and Kubiš fired at Heydrich with their Colt M1903 pistols but, themselves shocked by the explosion, failed to hit him. Heydrich then chased Kubiš and tried to return fire. Kubiš jumped on his bicycle and pedaled away. Heydrich ran after him for half a block but became weak from shock and collapsed. Heydrich, still with pistol in hand, gripped his left flank, which was bleeding profusely. He ordered Klein to chase Gabčík on foot, saying "Get that bastard!". Klein chased him into a butcher shop, where Gabčík shot him twice with a pistol, severely wounding him in the leg. Gabčík then escaped in a tram, reaching a local safe house.Gabčík and Kubiš did not know that Heydrich was wounded, and were convinced the attack had failed.

A Sten submachine gun, Gabcik’s gun suffered from failure to feed. Czechoslovak paratroopers often complained about the low reliability of BLate in the afternoon of 27 May, SS Karl Hermann Frank proclaimed a state of emergency and curfew in Prague. Anyone who helped the attackers was to be executed along their family. A search involving 21,000 men began and 36,000 houses were checked. By 4 June, 157 people had been executed as a result of the reprisals but the assassins had not been found and no information was forthcoming. A Czech woman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. He was placed in the back of the van, on his stomach, and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. He had suffered severe injuries to his left side, with major damage to his diaphragm, spleen, and one of his lungs. A splenectomy was performed, and the chest wound, left lung, and diaphragm were all debrided.Himmler ordered another doctor, Karl Gebhardt, to fly to Prague to assume care. Despite a fever, Heydrich's recovery appeared to progress well. Theodor Morell, Hitler's personal doctor, suggested the use of sulfonamide (a new antibacterial drug), but Gebhardt, thinking Heydrich would recover, declined the suggestion. On 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate by reciting a part of one of his father's operas:The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns himself. We all have to dance to the tune which is already on the drum.Heydrich slipped into a coma after Himmler's visit and never regained consciousness. He died on 4 June; an autopsy concluded he died of sepsis which is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body’s response to infection causes injury to its tissues and organs.Heydrich's assailants hid in safe houses and eventually took refuge in Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral, an Orthodox church in Prague. After a traitor in the Czech resistance betrayed their location, the church was surrounded by 800 members of the SS and Gestapo. Several Czechs were killed, and the remainder hid in the church's crypt. The Germans attempted to flush the men out with gunfire, tear gas, and by flooding the crypt. Eventually an entrance was made using explosives. Rather than surrender, the soldiers killed themselves. Supporters of the assassins who were killed in the wake of these events included the church's leader, Bishop Gorazd, who is now revered as a martyr of the Orthodox Church.Consequences Infuriated by Heydrich's deathon 9 June, the decision was made to “make up for his death”, Hitler ordered the arrest and execution of 10,000 randomly selected Czechs. But after consultations with Karl Hermann Frank, he altered his response. The Czech lands were an important industrial zone for the German military, and indiscriminate killing could reduce the region's productivity. Hitler ordered a quick investigation. Intelligence falsely linked the assassins to the towns of Lidice and Ležáky. A Gestapo report stated that Lidice, 22 kilometres (14 mi) north-west of Prague, was suspected as the assailants' hiding place because several Czech army officers, then in England, had come from there and the Gestapo found a resistance radio transmitter in Ležáky. On 9 June, after discussions with Himmler and Karl Hermann Frank, Hitler ordered brutal reprisals. Beginning on 10 June, all males over the age of 16 in the villages of Lidice and Ležáky were murdered. All the women in Ležáky were also murdered.All but four of the women from Lidice were deported immediately to Ravensbrück concentration camp (four were pregnant – they were subjected to forced abortions at the same hospital where Heydrich had died and the women were then sent to the concentration camp). Some children were chosen for Germanization, and 81 were killed in gas vans at the Chełmno extermination camp. Both towns were burned and Lidice's ruins were levelled.[140][141] Overall, at least 1,300 Czechs, including 200 women, were killed in reprisal for Heydrich's assassination.Additionally, under the Hitler’s ordering investigation and reprisals on the very day of the assassination attempt, more than 13,000 were arrested, including intelligence Jan Kubis girlfriend Anna, who subsequently died in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp. First Lieutenant Adolf Opalka’s aunt Marie Opalkova was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolim was also killed. According to one estimate, 5,000 people were murdered in the reprisals. Furthermore, in the investigation, a deadline was publicly issued to the military and the people of Czechoslovakia for the assassins to be apprehended by 18 June 1942. If they were not caught by then, the Germans threatened to spill far more blood as a consequence, believing that this threat would be enough to force a potential informant to sell out the culprits. Many civilians were indeed weary and fearful of further retaliations, making it increasingly difficult to hide information much longer. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in Karel Boromejsky Church, an Eastern Orthodox church dedicated to Sts. Cyril and Methodius in Prague. The Germans were unable to locate the attackers until Karel Čurda of the "Out Distance" sabotage group turned himself in to the Gestapo and gave them the names of the team's local contacts for the bounty of one million Reichsmarks which is a currency in Germany. (Karel Curda was an active Czech Nazi collaborator during WWII. A solider of the Czechoslovak army in exile, he was parachuted into the protectorate in 1942 as a member of the sabotage group Out Distance. After the war, Curda was tracked down and arrested. Curda was found guilty of treason and hanged on 29 April 1947. In the alternative theory from Czech historian Plachy, he gave a different account of Curda’s personality and motives. The immediate aftermath of the assassination put Curda under huge pressure as he knew the Nazis could wipe out his whole family and village, just as they had wiped out Lidce and Lezaky, two villages. However, the problem with this theory is that the massacres in Lidice and Lezaky did not occur until almost a moth after Karel Curda’s betrayal. Thus, his betrayal was mainly due to the rewarding of selling out the names of intelligence agent.)Čurda betrayed several safe houses provided by the Jindra group, including that of the Moravec family in Žižkov. At 05:00 on 17 June, the Moravec flat was raided. The family was made to stand in the hallway while the Gestapo searched their flat. Marie Moravec was allowed to go to the toilet, where she bit into a cyanide capsule and killed herself. Alois Moravec was unaware of his family's involvement with the resistance; he was taken to the Petschek Palace together with his 17-year-old son Ata, who was tortured throughout the day but refused to talk. The youth was stupefied with brandy, shown his mother's severed head in a fish tank, and warned that, if he did not reveal the information that they were looking for, his father would be next. Ata's strong willpower finally snapped, and he told the Gestapo what they wanted to know. Vlastimil "Ata" Moravec was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiancée, her mother and her brother were executed.Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the paratroopers alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenführer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. Kubiš, Adolf Opálka, and Josef Bublík were killed in the prayer loft after a two-hour gun battle. (Kubiš was said to have survived the battle and to have died shortly after from his injuries.) Gabčík, Josef Valcik, Jaroslav Svarc and Jan Hruby committed suicide in the crypt after repeated SS attacks, attempts to force them out with tear gas, and Prague fire brigade trucks brought in to try to flood the crypt. The German SS and police suffered casualties, as well, with 14 SS allegedly killed and 21 wounded, according to one report, although the official SS report about the fight mentioned only five wounded SS soldiers. The men in the church had only small-caliber pistols, while the attackers had machine guns, submachine guns, and hand grenades. After the battle, Čurda confirmed the identity of the dead Czech resistance fighters, including Kubiš and Gabčík. (Gabcik and the others, with the exception of Kubis, who was seriously wounded by a grenade, committed suicide before the Nazis could take them alive in the Church catacombs.

Jozef Gabcik Kubis was wounded in the gun battle and died shortly after arrival at the hospital. In revenge, the Nazis murdered 24 family members and close relatives of Jan Kubis in the concentration camp.

Jan Kubis Adolf Opalka was injured by shrapnel, committed suicide. Shortly after his departure, on his 27thbirthday, Opalka wrote of homesickness:I'm 27 years old today, the entire trip I pondered upon the words "Longing for home is a terrible thing, I know". Yes, only now do I know and understand. And this "homesickness" of Božena Němcová, which I never understood, is nothing compared to my longing for home. I'm willing to suffer through, and do whatever it takes, but only home and home and to honestly work, work for something... How can some speak of beauty, when they've never seen Rešice and the fields from Kordula to Rešice, who never strolled through the warm dirt there, who never felt the warm air and over the grain fields, who never saw our chapel in the milk of white cherries, Husák's garden, which always reminded me of Sholokhov, especially the dirt lumps under the "vortex" and the "Bare Hill" and all the other places on all of which I am. Parts of me are all over the world. In England, little was left of me, maybe more in Scotland... 27 years of life behind me. Death for my homeland. With that I have dealt, and am ready to do what it takes.

Adolf Opalka The other agents names are Josef Bublik, Jan Hruby, Josef Valcik and Jaroslav Svarc.)

Crypt of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Prague.

Crypt of the Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Prague.Bishop Gorazd took the blame for the actions in the church, in an attempt to minimize the reprisals among his flock, and even wrote letters to the Nazi authorities, who arrested him on 27 June 1942 and tortured him. On 4 September 1942, the bishop, the church's priests, and senior lay leaders were taken to Kobylisy Shooting Range in a northern suburb of Prague and shot by Nazi firing squads. For his actions, Bishop Gorazd was later glorified as a martyr by the Eastern Orthodox Church.Future AftermathHeydrich's replacements were Ernst Kaltenbrunner as the chief of RSHA, and Karl Hermann Frank (27–28 May 1942) and Kurt Daluege (28 May 1942 – 14 October 1943) as the new acting Reichsprotektors. After Heydrich's death, implementation of the policies formalised at the Wannsee conference he chaired was accelerated. The first three true death camps, designed for mass killing with no legal process or pretext, were built and operated at Treblinka, Sobibór, and Bełżec. The project was named Operation Reinhard after Heydrich.文献全部摘自维基百科，由本人筛选和整理，主要出自如下：Operation Anthropoid from WikipediaReinhard Heydrich from Wikipedia Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia from WikipediaCzechoslovakia from WikipediaGerman occupation of Czechoslovakia from WikipediaLidice massacre from WikipediaJozef Gabčík from WikipediaJan Kubiš from WikipediaAdolf Opálka from WikipediaKarel Čurda from Wikipedia

最近抗战题材的电影有点多。

国内的，有《我的战争》。

韩国还拿出了《密探》冲击奥斯卡。

但是，以上提到的战争片，光光看完都觉得后悔了。

这些那些的缺点太多了，离好片的距离太远。

今年倒是有一部战争题材的电影，让光光很喜欢。

男主还是有实力有保证的霸道总裁，「五十度灰先生」，詹米·多南。

今天，就来讲讲平静的讲一个惊心动魄故事的战争片，《类人猿行动》。

豆瓣 7.5 分，比较靠谱的成绩。

这个成绩在今年的同类型的片子中，已经算中上了。

根据真实事件改编的历史厚重感，在战争背景下对个体的爱情、生活还有年代感的精确刻画。

这个分数是这部电影应得的。

在一开始，电影用字幕交代了历史背景：捷克斯洛伐克被纳粹占领，捷克人民英勇反抗，纳粹高官采用了血腥镇压的手段。

然后是提示电影来源的本片依据真实事件改编。

为什么要特意加上本片依据真实事件改编呢？

真实性的冲击。

在战争背景下的虚构故事相当的多，而看电影的观众，看电影的直觉是：电影是假的，故事是编剧编出来的。

无论电影在服装、道具、化妆还有剧本上都十分考究，做到很强的年代感。

但是，如果你有一丁点疏忽，一丁点让观众觉得这个「有点假」，那就完了。

如何让观众相信眼前发生的一切，有强烈的代入感，是电影一直在做的。

而一句「依据真实事件改编」，可以通过历史事件的「情景再现」，让观众更快的进入电影的情景中。

这句话并不是魔咒，能让导演拍的不用心。

越是依据真实历史事件改编的，越不能出现不符合年代感的人事物。

故事非常忠实的依照历史事件拍摄，但花了更多心思在历史事件之外。

两个伞兵，一个老兵，一个新兵，被派到布拉格，执行刺杀纳粹德国高官的任务。

和布拉格的抵抗组织接头后，为了不引人注目，两人分别找了一个女伴，掩人耳目。

四个人约在新年派对见面，但新兵的女伴和他一样菜，一下子就吸引人注意。

这场戏光光很喜欢，十分平静，却波涛暗涌，四个人的性格也很好的凸显。

新兵和他的女伴一样，对自己的处境没有充分认识，搞不清楚状况。

两个人涂着口红，穿着花枝招展的来。

老兵立刻有小情绪了。

女士来了没起身，坐着不搭理人。

新兵也劝说老兵太紧张了。

但这是战争啊，不是小孩子过家家，一点点懈怠造成的失误，可是毁灭性的后果。

老兵一直仔细观察着聚会中德国军官有没有关注自己。

情急之下，老兵想了一个办法，让女伴给自己一耳光。

女伴照做了，把德国军官对自己的关注扇没了。

老兵和女伴的老成，新兵和女伴不清楚状况，一场戏就体现的淋漓尽致。

除了主线的暗杀事件，影片还不突兀的加入了丰富人物的爱情戏。

老兵和女伴的爱情戏，很好的展现了战争的残酷。

老兵和女伴约会，给女伴拍照，拍着拍着，就变成收集情报了。

虽然老兵一心只想着刺杀，但他也是个人啊，只是对女伴的爱慕，在战火纷飞的年代，太不现实和脆弱了。

他选择藏在心里。

在一段时间侦查后，反抗组织还是没有进展。

这时候问题来了：德国高官要被调到巴黎，如果再不暗杀，就没有机会了。

于是两个伞兵硬着头皮上。

这就是历史事件中的暗杀。

这场正面交锋持续时间很短，伞兵让德国高官负伤，最终医治无效，军官死了，刺杀成功。

行动成功了，但战争还没有结束。

为了抓捕刺客，党卫军封锁布拉格，全城搜索。

这时，战争必备的投敌者出现了。

害怕遭到党卫军杀害的反抗组织成员背叛了。

无恶不作的党卫军顺藤摸瓜，找到了反抗组织成员藏身之处，与他们在教堂交火。

明知道寡不敌众，还是要打光最后一发子弹，多杀一个德国士兵。

打不过，也不落在敌人手上，从容就义。

这场激烈的战斗，影片用影像传达了，也在影片的最后，用字幕表达了战斗的激烈程度。

7 名伞兵坚守了 6 个小时。

命都搭上了，只换来在历史中这么一句简短的记载。

在这场暗杀和由此引发的屠杀后，捷克斯洛伐克得到了英国等反法西斯势力的支持。

只是，代价太残忍。

虽然是改编历史事件，《类人猿行动》并不主要在说历史。

历史背景下的人，才是最值得关注的。

一心想暗杀军官的老兵，在残酷的战争中，仍然相信浪漫爱情的新兵。

老兵的女伴，能和老兵情投意合，因为她也经受战争的折磨，对德国人深恶痛绝。

《类人猿行动》作为一部战争片，却没有过多的强调战争，人物的塑造立体，历史背景清晰。

这样的反战片，十分工整，完整度相当的高。

对比我国的抗战雷剧，能不快进完整看完一集，光光敬你是条汉子。

没有精神内核，只是过过打鬼子，帅哥美女耍酷扮靓的眼瘾，是国产抗战片的通病。

就连韩国的《密探》，也犯了这样的毛病。

原本想表现在战争背景下，个体是如何抉择的。

却拍成了不像谍战，也不像战争，爱情几乎没有，剧情也很糟糕四不像。

还好有《类人猿行动》这样的好片子，让我们知道历史的沉重和战争的残酷。

首发于公众号：光说电影（gsmovie），独到靠谱的影评，让你不愁没有好电影看。

作为二战史上最成功的针对法西斯高层的刺杀行动，类人猿行动确实可歌可泣故事是真实的电影中最后的七人坚守的教堂也是真实的（圣济利禄暨圣默多狄大教堂，我去过布拉格，但是没去过这个教堂）史实不需多余赘述。

我想说的是这部电影的优秀之处，不是题材唯一、也不是枪战戏出色、不是布拉格的古典美、也不是主角配角的优秀演绎、服装音乐的出色和高度还原。

而是人性的真实：刺杀海德里希的特工也会期待行动取消、也在梦想明天起来这个行动只是梦一场、也会行动预演时因而胆怯而发抖、甚至行动过程时也会慌乱会失误、会在捷克的行动会议时有怀疑和挣扎——刺杀海德里希值得吗？

会不会发生更恶劣的后果？

但是当英国的捷克流亡政府坚持要刺杀这个德国刽子手之后，他们还是履行了自己军人的职责，他们是捷克伞兵&特种作战部队，是国家最精锐的军人。

历史上这七个人在圣济利禄暨圣默多狄大教堂抵挡了数百纳粹士兵六个小时候之后全部阵亡，此后捷克被纳粹德国报复性处决了五千多国民。

“记住，最后一颗子弹留给自己。

”“我们不会投降，我们是捷克斯洛伐克人。

”……铭记那些二战时为人类正义牺牲的人们也许他们并不完美但是当更多人选择了沉默和容忍时候他们选择了抗争和牺牲捷克永不灭亡

（那些张嘴就来：你个崇洋媚外的卖国贼，你就知道外国的月亮比中国的圆blabla……）恩。

1. 从视觉效果来讲：首先，大多数情况下，我们认为在男性题材的电影中，外国男人更man的外形更加有吸引力。

其次（注意，是其次），在国内的战争题材电影中，必定是要歌颂 eng 的战争伟绩，而我 eng 打天下典型战术是农村包围城市，也就是说，荧幕英雄也是各种典型的农村形象，比如聪明伶俐，身手敏捷，谈吐……不凡等。

似乎把人物刻画的越朴实越接地气，战斗胜算越大。

这应该也是符合事实的，在此略去不表（不然你又瞧不起农村人啦哈，你往上数8辈全国人民都是农村人blabla……）。

然而我比较喜欢长得帅又稳重眼神深邃的歪国人，就酱。

2. 从情感刻画方面来讲：这部《类人猿行动》与主演五十度灰主角的另一部《雅多维尔围城战》，都是极力减少主观情感的表达，而单纯的叙述故事情节的电影。

这类电影深得我心，因为这时你感到距离真实生活最近，有身临其境的代入感。

如何在演员没有浮夸表情的情况下通过细节恰到好处的营造出他的内心世界，营造出紧张的氛围，不仅是对演员本身也是对导演很直接的考验，一旦角色塑造成功就更加震撼人心。

我认为这是现在流行的表演趋势。

见多了这浮夸的世界，那些刻意的搞笑和哭泣让人愈发难以下咽不是么。

那些手撕……极力碾压敌方的智商，刻画敌方就多么无耻不是人他就是个畜生啊！

但是他也有老婆孩子他也是为了自己的信仰啊！

真是可怜之人必有可恨之处啊blabla……这种简单情节编排尤其是画大饼一样粗糙的人物刻画方式，提起来就恶心，现在谁还会被这个打动了？

国内也有不浮夸的好电影好电视剧，有哪几部，是谁拍的，数数手指头就清楚了。

3. 升华主题：你知道，我国战争片的主题就是……啊！

但是我常常在想，那个时候的人，真的就是每天把爱国敬业挂在嘴上，兄弟情义留在泪里？

国外人也爱国，爱兄弟，爱亲人。

现在这时代的我们也依然爱国爱兄弟爱亲人。

但我们都知道，人们更多的时间和精力其实是用在做好眼前的事情，过好眼前的生活。

士兵的职责就要尽量完成任务保住命，真没那么多时间思考和探讨人生信仰。

4. 要论尊重观众的智商和钱包，还是外国电影做得好。

以上所述的外国电影，是个泛指，我表示的是英文电影，这涵盖的国家以及地域非常广泛。

影片数量的基数是中国的多少倍不止，所以被我们看到的好电影多一些也是情理之中。

我国的电影产业一直在向好向前发展，只要拍得多了，不愁没有好片。

看电影的时候忽然之间，我好像就看到了二战时期的abc，安灼拉可以是约瑟夫，艾潘妮是兰卡，向导公白飞可以是少尉，伽弗洛什是小提琴家。

我曾以为的笨手笨脚的马吕斯可能是扬，还有不知名的、会念诗的热安，这里他说：懦夫死去无数次，但勇士只死去一次。

这里似乎没有格朗泰尔，但或许人人都是格朗泰尔，他们质疑自己的牺牲是否有意义，但是他们的太阳神是捷克斯洛伐克，所以他们又说，捷克斯洛伐克不会害怕，于是一个又一个人，说服下一个人拿起了枪。

可是啊，安灼拉你为什么如此理智而无畏呢。

你从一开始就声明所有捷克斯洛伐克人都准备好了为国而死，你从一开始就赌上了所有人的性命。

你的冷漠，因为你不相信还有光明了么？

你不相信这个生活还有值得爱的人了么？

还是说，同样的？

也许，捷克斯洛伐克是你的爱人。

约瑟夫相比之下，少了神性，多了人性，但是他的影子总让我看到你。

马吕斯，这次你战死在了街垒，你的珂赛特她未来如何，你无法陪她走完了。

唯有如此，我突然发现我是希望马吕斯活到革命以后的。

你期待一个回归正常的生活，你值得，但你没有得到。

然而，然而。

你们知道么？

因为你们七个人的六个小时，英格兰最终向捷克斯洛伐克伸出了援手。

弱国无外交，国家这样等待救援并不光彩，但是那七个人，站着死的为国家永远蒙上了一层光。

ABC战死清晨，终于唤醒了巴黎人民。

同样的，放哨的三个人没时间去叫醒其他人，但是枪声也唤醒了地下躲避者。

从这一刻起，地上的人就没有想过生还，对吧？

像街垒一样，这样把自己包围，做困兽殊死一搏。

直到交战的枪声最终归于沉寂。

安灼拉和abc的墓地在街垒，你们的墓地在教堂。

街垒和教堂。

我突然发现，最后的最后，主角两个还是没有向叛国者故意开枪，你们在想什么？

为什么？

人民？

是人民么？

你们当然希望他们站在你们这一边，但是又怎能苛求人人？

你们是勇敢的，同样也是宽容的。

欣慰的是，历史是也对勇者仁慈的。

你们7个和abc相比是幸运的，他们没有成功，但你们阴差阳错完成了刺杀。

我听着人民之歌，写下这些文字。

电影像一篇悲惨世界的au，但是明明悲惨世界才是假的。

所以啊，安灼拉你说为什么会有这么同类的事情真实发生了。

你说啊，为什么这么的悲剧之上还要唱出自由的歌？

我应该高兴真的发生了这样的绝唱，还是应该捶胸顿足地含泪呢。

答案是，或许同样的，安灼拉是一种人生状态，并不仅仅是一个角色。

约瑟夫的最后一幕，可以是被救赎的肖申克，可以是倒挂街垒的安灼拉，可以是古人，可以是来者。

我想，几百年后，另一个不叫缪尚的咖啡馆，有一群不完全匹配的abc，在做着类似的革命。

光是想想，我觉得已经很幸福了。

这个我生活的世界，确实有过很多悲伤。

但因为你们，和无数个古往今来的你们，它并不悲惨。

我喜欢电影的运镜，和音效，和台词，和主演的演技。

既体现了人性，又没弱智主角或者德军。

这让带有德国滤镜很久的我想到，德意志其实是一个如此可怕的民族，我已经好久没有这样的寒战了。

近期最佳，10。

特作小作文一篇，豆瓣长笔记要是能设成私密就好了。

《类人猿行动》，光听片名感觉像是讲猩猩的故事，其实那只是本片要讲述的刺杀行动的代号。

故事发生在纳粹占领的捷克斯洛伐克。

当时捷克斯洛伐克被盟国抛弃，陷入孤立无援的境地，国内的反德抗争也不断遭到镇压。

1941年12月，两名捷克斯洛伐克士兵在布拉格郊外悄然降落，他们的任务，就是要刺杀莱因哈德·海德里希。

海德里希是德国纳粹党党卫队的重要成员之一，是他一手主导了让600万犹太人在集中营惨遭屠杀的“最终解决方案”，更是“史上最残酷刽子手”希姆莱的左右手。

他自1941年9月起担任捷克斯洛伐克德军占领区摩拉维亚与波希米亚的副行政首长，巧妙地运用“糖果与鞭子”的方式而将捷克地区逐渐德意志化。

他残忍成性，在任其间杀人无数，被人们称作“布拉格屠夫”。

如果不是死于“类人猿”行动，他很有可能会成为希特勒的接班人。

由于他的死，使得原本如日中天的德国情报机关从此一蹶不振。

因此，这次刺杀行动，被认为是二战最成功的暗杀。

电影也基本上还原了刺杀的过程。

1942年5月27日，“类人猿”行动小组在海德里希出行的必经之处实施攻击，投的炸弹炸毁了海德里希乘坐的轿车，导致他受伤。

8天后，海德里希抢救无效死亡，死亡原因可能是伤口感染所导致的败血症。

但刺杀的过程并不是影片的高潮。

刺杀行动过后，7名行动小组成员藏身于教堂等待撤离。

1942年6月18日 ，750 名党卫军包围了教堂。

7名成员坚守了6个小时，最后全部英勇就义。

他们在生死存亡之际，展现了人性的光辉。

然而在行动执行之前，他们对这次任务也曾动摇和恐惧。

就单是要不要执行刺杀任务的问题，他们也争执过很多遍。

他们最后仓促地执行任务，出现冲锋枪卡壳的意外，侥幸逃脱充满了戏剧性。

但这戏剧性的确就是史实。

面对国家大义，他们并不全是高喊豪言壮语的志士，而是有着人性弱点的普通人，会恐惧和迟疑，也会软弱和自私。

希里安·墨菲饰演的约瑟夫是训练有素的士兵，他是由始至终最坚定地执行刺杀任务的那一个，时刻都保持清醒。

但面对美丽又坚强的兰卡，他还是忍不住动了心。

詹米·多南饰演的詹，虽和约瑟夫一起被派来执行凶险的刺杀任务，却无法狠下心杀掉已经倒戈的布拉格居民。

在这个行动小组里，他的角色是跟随而不是合作，其实他的内心并不十分认可这个刺杀行动的意义和必要性，倒是抓紧时间与偶然邂逅的玛丽来场赴死前的片刻温存。

当知道任务必须执行的时候，他恐惧绝望，激动得歇斯底里。

执行任务的时候，他紧张害怕得坐立不安，满头大汗，双手发抖。

他成功投过去的那枚炸弹，在这次行动起了关键作用。

在最后教堂里的枪战，他完成了从游离于角色之外的士兵到视死如归的英雄的身份转变。

相比詹米·多南在《五十度灰化肥会发黑》里饰演的霸道总裁，他在这里帅多了。

这次成功的刺杀，导致了盖世太保和党卫队保安处逐渐衰落，但刺杀所付出的代价太沉重了：希特勒为了报复，下令在被怀疑有为刺杀小组提供掩护的利迪策村实行了大屠杀。

16岁以上的男性村民被枪杀，女性村民和儿童被送进集中营，他们当中大多数在波兰切姆诺毒气室被杀害。

之后整个村庄被付之一炬，推土机铲平了所有的痕迹，利迪策这个地方在地图上永远被抹掉了。

为了纪念利迪策惨案中和全世界所有在战争中遇难的儿童，才有了6月1日的国际儿童节。

世界和平的今天，都是惨痛的过去换来的。

珍惜，便是铭记历史的意义所在。

盟军的如意算盘真是不错。

一方面报复了纳粹破获英国情报网，另一方面引发纳粹疯狂报复，激起捷克人对纳粹的仇恨，可谓一箭双雕。

至于捷克老百姓到底从中遭遇什么根本不在考虑之列。

当然，还有捷克当年如何被盟国出卖可能已经被遗忘了。

电影是捷克，英国，法国三国参与拍摄，而事件的另一方德国的并不见。