狼厅

亨利八世的王后常常难以善终，凯瑟琳王后在孤寂愤懑中死亡，安妮·博林王后在战栗胆怯中被斩首……但她们的死亡又有着不同常人之处：一个死后回避了男性的凝视；一个死后禁止男性的触碰。

所以，如果说摩尼教是全体无身体，天主教是部分无身体（教士阶层无身体），清教徒是好像没（as if not）身体，那么，国教运动前后的王后有几个身体？

肯定不是2个，她们并不拥有不朽的政治身体，但也不是1个，她们的身体总被赋予特殊的政治与宗教意义。

也许有1.5个，多出的0.5个显示出其不充分的政治权力，但也许只有0.5个，缺少的0.5个源自肉身的意义总是被无限的政治化。

但也许只有1个。

王后死了，不可挽回，不会复活，没有不朽的天国，没有身穿白衣的圣体，身体彻彻底底地灭亡了。

甚至是0个！

王后从未拥有自己的身体，甚至死亡这一本该证明身体实存的事件也被用于证明身体的匮乏。

王后之死均与无法诞下子嗣有关，国王承认了王后缺乏身体，缺乏可以生殖的身体。

凯瑟琳死后，唯一可能的吊唁者是教宗的大使，一个同样被拒绝拥有身体的神父，然而他并未成行，为什么？

这既是因为国王的阻拦，另一具身体的阻拦，更是因为王后从来不曾有过身体。

博林临刑前后，侍女充当隔绝男性亵渎与污染身体的作用，不是为了保护身体的神圣与纯洁，而是为了强化身体空无的白色神话，空无的身体在常人的目光中消失，或者说从未存在。

死刑真的发生了吗？

王后真的尸首分离了吗？

也许王后的身体从不存在，唯有通过禁忌的设定，才能塑造不可触碰者的存在。

那么，国王为什么需要王后？

为什么需要既可交媾寻欢又可诞下子嗣的王后？

王后的身体是怎样的身体？

王后真的有身体吗？

我抱着很高的期望来看这剧的。

结果发现剧情就是亨利八世换老婆，到第5/6集基本就是cat fight，mock trial，津津乐道的断头台啥的。

上一部很喜欢的伊丽莎白迷你剧，也是这范儿。

大概用连续剧来演宗教改革神马的，确实没人看？

我错了，不该把这剧认作历史剧。

其实它是个肥皂剧。

不过肥皂剧真的很华丽啊，各种戏骨啊，各种细节考究啊，背景音乐很给力。

Damian Lewis每次出场都好帅啊，直接忽视国王陛下本人的各种渣本性。

狼厅 Wolf Hall2015年播出的经典英剧 古装剧甜饼字幕组.中英双语特效字幕.倾情奉献！

新浪微博 http://weibo.com/cookiesub#狼厅#改编自英国女作家希拉里·曼特尔的长篇历史小说《狼厅》讲述了亨利八世统治下的都铎王朝宫廷权斗的故事。

该小说获得2009年度布克奖。

相比于美剧的粗暴情色嗜血，英剧绝对要慢热许多。

去年BBC2套火爆的《狼厅Wolf Hall》就是典型的英式克制。

该剧根据英国女作家希拉里·曼特尔两获布克奖的历史小说《狼厅Wolf Hall》和续篇《提堂Bring Up the Bodies》改编而成，强大的编导（导演：彼得·考斯明斯金）服化道演团队阵容，从细节上再现了都铎王朝亨利八世时期的宫廷权力争斗，有别于正史中的冷血杀戮，全篇以托马斯·克伦威尔的视角阐述历史事件，赢得狼群中人性的呼声。

对于托马斯·克伦威尔的家庭，正史上少有记载。

只知道他1485年生于伦敦郊外的普特尼，一位伦敦郊区铁匠的儿子。

短剧第一季共六集，导演擅长通过平行历史叙事、闪回，而由老戏骨马克·里朗斯扮演的托马斯·克伦威尔，每个眼神，每一次脸部抽搐或是冷凝的动作，都耐人寻味。

他为何最终在英王亨利八世的宫廷里掌控了巨大权力，这和曼特尔在书中对他童年形象的构建不无关系。

一个饥饿、焦虑而孤独的童年：铁匠父亲时常醉酒殴打托马斯，七岁时，他住在红衣主教莫顿家，他的叔叔在那儿做厨师。

九岁时，他目击了一位八十岁的异教徒被活活烧死。

十五岁时，他在遭受父亲毒打后离家出走，此后的十年生活，加入了法国雇佣军，远征意大利，在佛罗伦萨的某家人家做仆人，又在罗马、威尼斯、安特卫普间旅行，成为银行家和布商……再回到英国，已是而立之年。

时值亨利八世在位，英国和当时的欧洲诸国一样，受制于罗马天主教教廷，晦暗不明之时，托马斯·克伦威尔曾游历诸国的见识令他看到了向上攀爬的契机。

他以其精明、和善、野心勃勃，顺理成章成为红衣主教沃尔西的律师和商业咨询师。

沃尔西初见他时，说: “噢，终于有一个比我还卑微的人出现了！

”托马斯不以为然，隐而不发。

此时的沃尔西是他立足英国进入上层的垫脚石，他必须视沃尔西为朋友，听沃尔西倾诉，为沃尔西分忧。

当沃尔西迫于天主教教规，未能如亨利八世所愿帮助他与西班牙公主阿拉贡凯瑟琳离婚后，克伦威尔及时出现，当他了解到亨利八世想要再婚繁衍皇室子嗣，他开始逐渐靠拢安·博林，四处安插眼线，支持当时的新教改革，大胆建议亨利八世对抗罗马教廷。

最终，英国国会脱离了罗马教廷，大主教宣布亨利与凯瑟琳的婚姻无效，于是他与女侍官安·博林的婚姻由此合法。

托马斯因为安·博林的成功上位立下汗马功劳，令亨利八世刮目相看，也借此埋下了个人权谋欲望的种子。

托马斯·克伦威尔大权在握，自诩只有亨利八世一位朋友。

当亨利八世因参加骑士比武意外昏死场面混乱，托马斯·克伦威尔迅速嘱咐手下迎接照管好废王后凯瑟琳之女玛丽公主。

这一举动，在克伦威尔的角度，唯恐陷入王室纷争维护正统，而并非私心，却成为后来安·博林的心梗。

片中的克伦威尔，在妻女突然病逝时显现出为人丈夫为人父亲的温存，嘱咐儿子在骑士格斗中需忘记保全生命最后一刻出击拼杀，以及他在搬倒政治对手时对其遗孀的怜悯，恐怕只有他的门生更能体察。

托马斯·克伦威尔不是不知道王权的至高无上不可侵犯，不是不知道伴君如伴虎。

作为一个卑微的铁匠之子，穿梭于波诡云谲的宫廷，他能做到察言观色，时刻掌握亨利八世的喜怒哀乐，竭尽全力地扶持亨利，为亨八的欲望付出刽子手的代价，他其实内伤戳戳。

譬如，作为亨利八世的首席谋臣，他为玛丽公主设计了远嫁西班牙的计划目的是避免战争却遭到亨利的怒斥和羞辱，他举起交叉的双手，沉默走开，镜头回向童年，他的铁匠父亲告诉他，双手交叉可以减轻疼痛。

片中我们看到王后安·博林没能给亨利八世诞下王子，已成为亨利八世厌弃王后的最大理由。

此时的托马斯·克伦威尔，一边要应付博林家的宫廷势力，老贵族权臣们的虎视眈眈，一边又要为亨利八世出谋划策罢黜安·博林。

其实，无论是在国王亨利还是王后安·博林的眼里，克伦威尔都是一只随叫随到可以随时踹死的狗。

只是，克伦威尔再一次选择了亨利。

他暗中调查安·博林，设计审判博林家的贵族势力。

都铎王朝第二任王后安·博林的斩首现场，克伦威尔在人群中抓紧门徒的手臂目不斜视地盯着刀斧手砍掉博林的头，那一刻，他的内心戏足够丰盛。

在这些历史事件中，导演遵循曼特尔的叙事，并没有试图重建一个铁匠之子年少的失落岁月，而是让克伦威尔的举止和不得已的阴谋周旋在都铎王朝宫廷上空。

所谓的历史，无非是人与人之间的狼性竞争，在权谋政治中，更是由歪曲的流言、轶事组装起来。

第一季《狼厅Wolf Hall》的结尾，亨利八世庆祝安·博林的罢黜，拥抱了托马斯·克伦威尔。

镜头定格在克伦威尔刻板的脸上，我们看到一张细致、细腻、自觉、自律并且忐忑不知未来的脸；一个白手起家的下层屌丝，永远不可能褪去铁匠之子的身份阴影，也必须将喜怒哀乐隐藏的更深，为王者的王权不停沦为权谋政治世界中的棋子。

题外，剧中安·博林的扮演者气场上差了很多意思，若是凯拉·莱特利出演，该完美许多。

期待第二季《狼厅Wolf Hall》的上映，曼特尔笔下搅动都铎王朝更加鲜活生动的克伦威尔。

　I am no history buff and haven't read the book(yet) and I basically know nothing about the history of Tudor England except that the king had many wives......however I was hooked after watching the first episode Three Card Trick and the second episode Entirely Beloved was even better but I think I need to re-watch them with subtitles to fully understand the plots...so here's my spoiler-free review. 　　 　　Though I knew people might dislike the dark visual effect. I for one absolutely love director Peter Kosminsky's shooting style with hand-held cameras and using only natural (candle/fire) light for night scenes. It's rare to do a television series(especially historical period drama) like that but the gloom does make the show feel more authenticity. 　　 　　Both Mark Rylance and Damian Lewis gave brilliant, nomination-deserving performance. Mark Rylance will surely be a serious Emmy (& Bafta)contender for best actor in a leading role this year and probably win. I'm biased obviously but I have to say it’s Damian Lewis who really steals the show every single time he appears. 　　 　　Wolf Hall seems likely to be one of the best historical drama ever so hopefully the upcoming episodes will live up to the hype.

I read New Yorker’s profile of Hilary Mantel in 2012 after she became the first female writer to win two Man Booker Prize. I was very intrigued by Mantel then, and put “Wolf Hall” on my to-read list. But never got around to do so.http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/10/15/the-dead-are-realBBC’s 6 episode “Wolf Hall” mini TV series got lots of praise. It is said that the screenwriter adapted Mantel’s work very nicely and captured the essence of the book.I fell in love with it after watching Episode one.The custom, setting, lighting were so well done, every frame looked like a painting. The acting was marvelous as well. Even though most of them were not familiar to the US audience. But supposedly all of the main characters were seasoned stage actors in England, and it showed.See the album link below for some interesting comparison between the actors in the TV series and their actual portrait from the 16th century. Mostly by Hans Holbein the Younger, who was the official painter for the court of Henry VIII.http://www.douban.com/photos/album/155586258/Apparently the soundtrack of the TV series was also a hit in Britain. Too early to tell how it will fair in the US. I myself really loved the music.http://music.163.com/#/album?id=3111229The Guardian had episode by episode explanation of the story line, it was very helpful for people who is not familiar with the Tudor history (such as myself), which was pretty complicated. http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/series/wolf-hall-episode-by-episode

1克伦威尔可以跟三教九流对话，丝毫不显得威势逼人。

他那双老虎般的眼睛，一直关注着周围的变化。

他观察着每一个人，剥析的眼睛毫不留情，把每一个人像洋葱一样撕扯的层层清楚。

他总迈着稳健的步伐，走向他被需要的人。

第1个，他当年的靠山：沃尔西大主教。

第2个，迫切想离婚、娶安的英国国王亨利八世。

第3个，用身体钓鱼的安，以及她的舅舅诺福克公爵等一干同党。

曼特尔的得体写得恰如其分，这便是高妙。

它让读者不断产生兴趣，一个都铎时代的人会怎么说话？

如何应对各种挑战？

他看得太清楚了，权力就是被需要。

而性，就是权力一母双生的兄弟。

而在这场血腥的情色游戏中，连穆斯林的军队打到了贝尔格莱德的消息，都成了电视机上的白色噪音。

克伦威尔以“从不拒绝”为心诀（Never Refuse)，像一个忠实的心理医生呵护着患者的欲望。

只要不拒绝，并达成心愿，肮脏的交换条款，都不需要他启齿。

别人追求一言九鼎，他只喜步步为营。

他是一只多么耐心的大猫啊。

就像中国书法的藏锋一样，只要你学会把自己的欲望压抑的嵌入到别人的欲望里，你就会渐渐发现：别人都要来玩你的游戏，连皇帝都不例外。

2虽然一切权力来自于渣男皇帝，不理朝政，情人无数，但某种程度上，是大家在玩一个带“皇帝”棋子的游戏。

人来人往，升升降降，都如芸芸众生，而我归然如山不动。

这才是权力。

连常被人提及自己是铁匠之子的侮辱，都不过是个游戏。

语言的双关极为巧妙。

比如第3集亨利8世喝醉，克伦威尔主动把他的肩膀接过来说了一句，lean on me。

也像是种请求的意味：依靠我吧。

亨利八世吐露心言，“在安面前，我会颤抖。

” I shake。

在莎士比亚时代，粗俗的双关语中，就是我打飞机的意思。

连handshake都可以是那意思。

不要忘记，从都铎亨利八世开始，英国抛掉了天主教的道貌岸然，追寻无节制的世俗欢愉。

哪里管什么圣女的克里斯玛大指责呀？

毕竟当年，连教皇都把他当成宠儿，把这个喜怒无常好大喜功的男人，可以和任何人翻脸。

文艺版的暴君，成了臣民晚上的噩梦。

那么好，现在开始谈狼厅。

很幸运的是，我把科目三已经通过了，历时五十天，这的确我得说是一件不太容易的事情。

现在就还差一个科目四了，科目四本来这周是可以考的，但是由于学校办公室人员说什么“科三的成绩还没有发到学校之类的原因”，便阻止我约考科目四，无妨，再等一周也无妨。

考完科三之后，这两天我看了看《狼厅》这部剧，还有《叶问4》这部电影。

顺便和森一起打发了很多时光。

《狼厅》不错，背景放在刚刚迈出的欧洲中世纪社会，视角瞄向了英国皇室以朝廷中以克伦威尔等为代表的上流社会，共刻画了皇帝、皇后、废后、红衣教主、大法官乃至铁匠、女仆、乐童等相对较低等级的人物。

第二任皇后是否有罪，有网友倾向于认为是完全没有罪的——虽然我认为完全没有罪似乎也不太可能，但是话说回来这里到底有罪还是没有罪已经不重要了，毕竟“欲加之罪何患无辞”

http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jan/22/thomas-cromwell-fixer-wolf-hall?CMP=share_btn_fbCromwell, the fixers’ fixer: a role model for our timesMartin KettleThomas Cromwell is the politician of the moment. We seem entranced by him. How cunning and deep he is. How clever and calculating. With what skill he acquires, husbands and uses his power. How precise he is in his judgment of when to speak and when to stay silent, when to watch and when to act, absolutely ruthlessly if need be.We are a nation hooked on Cromwell, as a result of Hilary Mantel’s novels. And now perhaps in even greater numbers than before, thanks to the BBC’s dramatisation of Wolf Hall that began this week, whose centrepiece is Mark Rylance’s Cromwell: the outsider who mesmerisingly watches, plots and thinks his way into the heart of the English Tudor state.On one level, the current national embrace of Cromwell is easy to explain. The Tudors are box office. And Cromwell was a big Tudor figure. Mantel’s books expertly draw the reader into Cromwell’s reflective world, where his words are the tip of an iceberg of unspoken feelings and thoughts. After just one episode, Rylance’s portrayal is already a masterpiece of suggestion, tempting us to overlook Shakespeare’s advice that there’s “no art to find the mind’s construction in the face”It is sometimes implied that Mantel’s reimagining of Cromwell has overturned the way we see the reign of Henry VIII. But this shows what short memories we all have. This is not the first time in English history that Cromwell’s stock has been so high. After his death, many Elizabethans saw him as a heroic martyr to the English protestant cause. And after the second world war Professor GR Elton – uncle of Ben – placed him on a very different pedestal at the heart of what he called the Tudor revolution in government.Elton’s Cromwell was the man who blew away the medieval system of government based on the king’s household. He replaced it with a departmental bureaucracy that was the forerunner of the modern constitutional state. In Elton’s judgment, Cromwell was “the most remarkable revolutionary in English history”, and his intellect “the most successfully radical instrument at any man’s disposal in the 16th century”. Mantel’s Cromwell owes much to Elton’s heroic reinvention.Yet Cromwell, even in the Elton-Mantel version, is a very improbable hero for our times. Cromwell’s essential attraction is his mastery of statecraft, his ability to identify a political goal and achieve it unerringly but pragmatically. He is unsentimental, cold-blooded, secular, and ruthless. He is a master of detail and of small moves in the service of larger ones. It is not clear whether Cromwell ever read Machiavelli, but there have been few leaders in English or British political history who better embodied Machiavellian ideas. In short, he is the sum of much that the modern era dislikes, or affects to dislike, in its politicians.What is even more unlikely about Cromwell’s place in the sun, as Mantel’s readers and viewers will know, is that he was an enemy of a man who in so many ways is the sum of everything that the modern era admires, or affects to admire. Thomas More remains the incarnation of individual conscience, of rising above the quotidian, and doing the morally right thing in difficult and dangerous times. It is no surprise that in postwar Britain, it was More, especially as embodied by Paul Scofield in A Man for All Seasons, who ruled the Tudor roost.By rights, More ought to be the man for our season too. He is pre-emenintly the Tudor politician who embodies sticking to firm principles, upholding moral authority and obeying the dictates of conscience. He refuses to do the politically convenient thing because he believes it is wrong – and pays with his life. Not for him Cromwell’s cynical survive-the-day relativism. If anyone is the man for an age that feels tarnished by illegal wars, mistreated by the power of corporations and banks, betrayed by MPs’ expenses, demeaned by the banality of modern politics, it is surely More.And yet our age has embraced not pious, high-minded More, but aspirational, crafty Cromwell, who stands for everything we say we dislike about modern politics and statecraft. It is a very odd disjunction. It could simply be that we all love a costume drama with great actors. But it could also suggest there is some hope for politics yet.Politicians could hardly suffer from lower esteem than they do at the moment. A survey published this week by the Edelman PR company confirms the overwhelmingly negative picture of the past few years, with trust in the doldrums, and with the reputations of government, business and media all flatlining. “People are desperate for honesty and fair play,” the report concludes. This is one reason why support for the established political parties is so low and why a proportion of the electorate is now embracing parties that offer easy answers to complex and difficult real problems.Cromwell stands against all that. He stands for the art of politics, not for fantasy politics. It has often been said, including by RA Butler, who chose the phrase for the title of his memoirs, that politics is the art of the possible. I prefer Robin Cook’s characterisation that politics is also the art of the impossible. Cromwell was the vindication of that view – and his distant and later relative Oliver wasn’t bad at the game either. Cromwell knew precisely where he was trying to get, and he was pretty effective about getting there.There is no point requiring every politician to have Cromwell’s gifts. It would be a scary political scene if they did. But there is a great deal of point in valuing and celebrating the statecraft and the political calculation that Cromwell mastered so well. Honesty and fair play are all very well, but effectiveness and continued support count for more in the end.I read somewhere that the late Caroline Benn, wife of Tony, thought that political leaders fell into three categories: , which she called pedestrians, fixers or madmen. Allocating British prime ministers to the three categories is an entertaining exercise, especially if you remember that no category has all the virtues or all the vices. Tony Benn, apparently, was confident that if he had become prime minister he would have been one of the madmen.I like fixers. The pedestrians frustrate me. The madmen frighten me. True, fixers aren’t always the best politicians. But the best politicians are almost always good fixers. Think Lloyd George or Franklin Roosevelt. And Cromwell, a fixers’ fixer, is right up there too. As long as we understand that knowing what you want is utterly useless unless you also know how to get it, then politics will have a storied future as well as a storied past.

本文首发于“来之洲”公众号首先声明一下，我觉得狼厅不适合对英国历史不够了解的朋友看，狼厅是根据一部得了啥啥严肃文学大奖的小说改编的，咱中国人看狼厅，就跟外国人看《大明王朝1566》似的，如果对英国的都铎王朝的历史一无所知，那看着片子纯属浪费时间。

如果你对英国的历史有那么点了解，至少看过都铎之类的肥皂剧，恰巧你有比较喜欢《大明王朝1566》之类剧情复杂的历史正剧，那狼厅就非常适合你了。

英剧有个好处，就是从不拿观众当傻子，改编于严肃小说的电视剧《狼厅》，没有为历史基础不好的观众做任何的历史说明，也没有为理解能力不够适合本片的观众做任何添油加醋的剧情设置，全剧没有傻白甜的人物，没有幼稚的权谋，没有平白无故的阴谋，更没有洗白为了权力而贡献阴谋——成为亨利八世最强打手的男主——克伦威尔。

电视剧的画面像极了伦勃朗的油画，细腻、精致，全片完全采用巴赫风格的古典乐配乐辅以管风琴，内敛而雅致，为电视剧奠定了中世纪故事的基调，仿佛打开了电视剧，你的所见所闻就到了都铎王朝。

前面说过，《狼厅》电视剧改编于严肃小说，而改编于严肃小说的一个好处就在于，电视剧剧本的结构非常好，譬如第一集，克伦威尔担任的是主教Worsey律师秘书类职位，Worsey随着亨利八世与罗马教廷的矛盾而下台，而克伦威尔也借着主教下台和安娜柏林的上位而上位了；而最后一集则和第一集的权力路线反过来了，最后打到了安娜柏林，为Worsey报仇，首尾呼应。

尤其是最后的结尾，克伦威尔在安娜柏林死后回到狼厅，站到亨利八世身旁的画面，预示着克伦威尔通向权力之路达到了巅峰。

围绕着克伦威尔的几条故事主线，叙事风格整体比较散漫，东一个画面，西一个蒙太奇，但整体节奏并不散漫，安娜柏林上位快，死得也很快，如果同样的剧情放到横店拍，估计要拍十几集了。

此片（我觉得）最有趣的点，则在于我越看克伦威尔，越觉得他的上位姿态与同为中世纪的大明朝的著名宠臣严嵩非常类似，两位都是踩着原上司的官帽出的名，虽然出身平平，但都因为最高权力卖命而无限接近权力巅峰，依靠着最高权力干掉了一个又一个的政敌，两人的家族都显赫一时，甚至于两人的结局，也有那么点像，都被原本信赖的皇帝干掉，不得善终——只能说这就是拥抱权力的代价了。

另外想来，好像亨利八世和万寿帝君也有那么点像，除了对克伦威尔/严嵩这类“佞臣“的态度类似之外，他们还都很克妻……