文明

文物述说着历史，文化歌颂着文明。

人类的欲望可以简单分成存续和发展两大类，这两大类之间还有社会性的欲望，性欲和食欲这两个基本的欲望关乎人的存续，而关乎发展的是求知欲和创造欲。

其中创造欲便是人在基本生命（物质）需求满足后的创造新奇事物或欣赏美好事物的欲望，任何形式的艺术（包括科技产品）都是在闲暇中通过符号消费而满足创造欲这种精神的需求。

艺术是记录历史的瞬间，当艺术品转变为文物时，瞬间便成为了永恒，文物使历史成为了可能，或者说证实了历史诉说的真实。

娱乐品或是艺术品的泛滥，使人们更多采取欣赏而非创造来满足自我的创造欲，从而减少了创造的实践。

伟大的创造者能从纷繁复杂的造物中汲取创新的灵感，所有伟人都是“站在巨人的肩膀上”，他们的伟大创新离不开无数人的伟大实践，他们的成就凝聚着人类的文化，无数璀璨文化共同形成人类光辉闪耀的文明。

不出家门看世界系列/E01被三星堆和约旦的佩特拉震撼了。

“我们可以花许多时间争论文明是什么抑或不是什么，但当它的对立面出现时，在种种暴虐、残忍、偏执和毁灭欲中，我们立刻就会明白何为文明。

从人类残破的肢体，文明的顷刻陨落，我们会真切知晓文明到底为何物。

所有文明最终都对无法实现的目标汲汲以求，那就是征服时间。

为此，它们致力于更大、更高、更壮观，以为这样就能通往不朽。

然而事与愿违，即便是人口最稠密的城市，其市集、寺庙、宫殿和坟墓也终归会被废弃。

然后，不眠不休铁面无私的大自然母亲开始接管此地，用沙尘掩埋，以植被覆盖，自此，文明便会淡出公众视线、彻底消亡。

”/E02看得好累，这集的解说有点用力过猛，阿弗洛狄忒的雕像那段简直了/E03目前最喜欢这集，西方人的角度解读中国风景画，非常奇妙，这集真的解说的太太太太完美了，从波斯国的毛毯到威尼托别墅，低地国家的风车和十字架的联想，这几个point太戳我了，还有最后our lonely blue dot又切换了视角，词穷了，太喜欢这集了。

l 简介BBC新版《文明》，2018倾情奉献，共九集。

涵盖六个大陆，三十一个国家，超过五百件艺术品。

主讲人历史学家西蒙·沙玛、学者玛丽·比尔德以及戴维·奥卢索加将一起探索人类创造的渴望。

此外，“文明节”将通过创新的数字产品和活动，为博物馆的珍宝赋予新的生命力。

所有的文明，都渴求征服时间。

他们建造更高大宏伟的建筑，以逃避消亡的命运，但从未成功。

万物，皆有终结。

植物掩盖，黄沙掩埋，但并不是无用功。

所有的毁灭，所有的遗留，都是人类创造力和人类希望的丰碑，是为巧手和匠心而立的丰碑，也是为人类自身而立的丰碑。

l 笔记Ep. 1 创世的第二个瞬间（Second Moment Creation）[非洲] 鲍鱼壳人造颜料，红褚石菱形图案[西班牙] 埃尔卡斯蒂略洞穴手板画[南非] 德拉肯斯堡山脉 布须曼人[德国] 慕尼黑考古博物馆 兽人[西班牙] 阿尔卡米拉洞穴——毕加索的公牛[法国 圣日尔曼昂莱] 国家考古博物馆 布拉桑普伊女士[美索不达米亚 乌尔] 军旗[美索不达米亚 乌尔] 灌木丛中的公羊[克里特岛] 克里特文明/米诺斯文明 公牛和跳牛者，牛头人身怪兽弥诺陶洛斯。

跳牛金戒指。

阿科罗蒂利壁画[希腊 阿克罗蒂里] 船队游行[希腊 皮洛斯] 迈锡尼文明战斗玛瑙印章[中国四川] 三星堆[约旦 佩特拉] 卡兹尼神殿 幸福之地壁画[墨西哥] 玛雅文明墨西哥人类学博物馆 象形文字[洪都拉斯] 科潘古城象形文字梯。

卡拉克穆尔 “蛇国”Ep. 2 自视如何（How do we look?）[墨西哥] 奥尔梅克文明摔跤手[埃及 尼罗河谷] 罗马皇帝哈德良 埃及法老阿蒙霍特普三世神殿门农石像[希腊] 追求人体形象 不怎么关心风景 雅典瓷器佛雷斯克莱女塑像阿特米多鲁斯棺盖[中国陕西] 秦始皇兵马俑[埃及] 底比斯神庙 拉美西斯二世雕像[希腊] 纳克索斯岛 佛雷斯克莱少女。

帕加马祭坛，红黑陶瓷，古希腊女人生孩子产羊毛《克雷迪奥斯的男孩》《阿尔忒弥斯神庙的宙斯神像》——人体的理想比例反映了宇宙的和谐[古罗马] 《休息的拳击手》[英国] 塞恩宫 垂死的高卢人 观景殿的阿波罗 《古文明艺术史》温克尔曼[墨西哥] 国立人类学博物馆奥尔梅克的摔跤手《鹈鹕艺术史》Ep. 3 画卷天堂（Picturing Paradise）[中国] 木心美术馆 当代木心《清筠凉川》《山阴古道》《梦回西湖》[美国] 纳尔逊·阿特金斯艺术博物馆 宋朝李成《晴峦萧寺图》 乔仲常《后赤壁赋图》[中国] 上海博物馆 元朝王蒙《青卞隐居图》[伊斯兰国家] 库尔德花园毯帝王御用毯 英雄王凯库萨分享战利品 瓦格纳地毯[意大利] 奥尔维耶托教堂浮雕 安布罗吉奥·洛伦采蒂《好政府对城市及乡村的影响》 维吉尔《农事诗》 巴巴罗别墅[英国] 柏林版画与素描博物馆 阿尔布雷希特·阿尔特多费《圣乔治和龙》《风景与伐木工》[英国] 伦敦国家美术馆 阿尔布雷希特·阿尔特多费《雷根斯堡的多瑙河风景》《双云杉风景》[奥地利] 维也纳艺术史博物馆 老彼得·勃鲁盖尔《雪中猎人》《放牧归来》《黑色的一天》《残杀无辜》[荷兰] 阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆 埃萨亚斯·凡·德·维尔德《牲渡》[美国] 纽约大都会博物馆 彼得·德·莫林《沙丘小屋》[瑞典] 斯德哥尔摩哈瓦立博物馆 萨洛蒙·凡·雷斯达尔《玉米地》[英国] 伦敦国家美术馆 扬·凡·戈因《围垦地的风景》[英国] 伦敦国家美术馆 雅各布·范勒伊斯达尔《带遗迹的广阔风景》《须德海为背景的玉米地》[荷兰] 阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆 雅各布·范勒伊斯达尔《迪尔斯泰德附近韦克的风车》[美国] 俄亥俄州克利夫兰艺术博物馆 弗雷德里克·艾德温·丘奇《荒野曙光》 温斯洛·霍默《在新田野的老兵》《用刺刀进攻》《哈珀周刊》[美国 伯明翰] 艺术博物馆 阿尔伯特·比尔史伯特《约塞米蒂山谷》 安塞尔·亚当斯1927年摄于约塞米蒂国家公园《巨石 半个火山口》《提顿族人与斯内克河》阿波罗《蓝色弹珠》，哈勃宇宙图像。

——“我们都徘徊在永恒的边缘，有时会通过交错幻觉来获得风景。

”

图1 彼得·勃鲁盖尔《雪中猎人》 图2温斯洛·霍默《在新田野的老兵》

图3 阿尔布雷希特·阿尔特多费《风景与伐木工》Ep. 4 信仰之眼（The eye of faith）[柬埔寨] 吴哥窟日出高棉文明，五座塔须弥山，三千个印度教天女雕像。

[印度 马哈拉施特拉] 阿旃陀石窟壁画 阿占塔石窟[印度 德里] 奎瓦吐勒清真寺 德里铁柱[意大利] 拉维纳圣维塔大教堂 耶稣画像[意大利 威尼斯] 圣洛克大会堂 雅科波·丁托列托《最后的晚餐》《耶稣受难》[西班牙 塞维利亚] 马卡雷纳教堂圣母玛利亚雕像——偶像崇拜[土耳其] 桑卡克拉尔清真寺[伊斯坦布尔] 蓝色清真寺书法 肯尼科特圣经 复制本位于牛津大学博得林恩图书馆[英国] 伊利大教堂哥特式建筑，克伦威尔圣像破坏行动 缺少头和手的雕像[墨西哥] 的撒哈刚《新西班牙诸物志》。

阿兹特克魔鬼崇拜——偶像崇拜[印度 德里] 清真寺[英国 伦敦] 圣保罗大教堂[希腊 雅典] 帕特农神庙

图4 雅科波·丁托列托《耶稣受难》Ep. 5 艺术的胜利（The Triumph if art）[土耳其 伊斯坦布尔] 圣索菲亚大教堂米马尔·希南，提香追随者《苏莱曼大帝》 赛义德·洛克曼《苏莱曼苏丹史》[意大利 罗马] 圣彼得教堂 米开朗基罗《圣母怜子像》[意大利 佛罗伦萨] 国立巴尔杰洛博物馆 《丽达与天鹅》[奥地利] 维也纳艺术史博物馆 本韦努托·切利尼《盐具》 乔吉奥·瓦萨里《本韦努托·切利尼像》 多纳泰罗《朱迪斯》 本韦努托·切利尼《柏修斯与美杜莎》[巴基斯坦 拉合尔] 佚名《阿克巴大帝》 贾甘巴瓦尼长者和马德哈夫《阿克巴大帝在德里遇刺》 马诺哈《阿克巴大帝听取戈贡达大捷》 阿布尔·哈桑《贾汗季拥抱沙阿·阿巴斯》[意大利 罗马] 波各赛美术馆 卡拉瓦乔《手提歌莉娅头颅的大卫》[意大利 罗马] 圣阿戈斯蒂诺教堂 卡拉瓦乔《洛莱托的圣母》阿特米谢·简特内斯基《科西嘉与萨蒂尔》《忏悔的抹大拉》[英国 伦敦] 肯辛顿宫 阿特米谢·简特内斯基《自画像》[西班牙 马德里] 普拉多博物馆 迭戈·维拉斯奎兹《宫娥》[荷兰] 阿姆斯特丹国立博物馆 伦勃朗·梵·莱茵《夜巡》《身着东方服饰的伦勃朗自画像》[印度 阿格尔] 泰姬陵 伊迪马德·乌德·道拉陵墓 莫卧儿王朝细密画

图5 伦勃朗·梵·莱茵《夜巡》Ep. 6 初次邂逅（First contact）[英国 伦敦] 大英博物馆 尼日利亚贝宁青铜器 伊非人金属头像 象牙雕刻女王[美国 纽约] 大都会艺术博物馆 贝宁象牙面具伊迪娅皇后[葡萄牙 里斯本贝伦塔] 阿尔布雷希特·丟勒《犀牛》[葡萄牙 里斯本] 贝拉尔多收藏博物馆 佚名《国王喷泉广场图》。

[墨西哥] 阿兹特克文明——活人或金制工艺品献祭阿兹特克国王蒙特祖玛二世 VS 西班牙殖民者埃尔南·科尔特斯[英国] 大英博物馆 阿兹特克神明两头蛇。

天主教对阿兹特克宗教大规模清除 摧毁庙宇 建起天主教堂《新西班牙全史》《佛罗伦萨法典》亡灵节：结合了天主教的诸圣节/万圣节 卡拉维拉/骷髅头[西班牙 托莱多] 多米尼克·提托克波洛斯[美国 纽约] 大都会艺术博物馆 埃尔·格雷考《托雷多风景》[西班牙] 托莱多大教堂 埃尔·格雷考《基督在托莱多被钉上十字架》[葡萄牙 里斯本] 国立古代艺术博物馆 日本南蛮屏风日本文化复兴运动 幕府将军 推广古老宗教佛教禅宗派系[荷兰] 镜风景画家 圆山应举[日本 京都] 圆光寺 圆山应举《雨竹风竹图屏风》[英国] 大英博物馆 圆山应举《冰图屏风》[英国 伦敦] 国家美术馆 麦德特·霍伯玛《米德尔哈尼斯的林荫道》[荷兰 阿姆斯特丹] 里杰克斯博物馆 威廉·克莱兹·海达《静物与镀金杯》巴托洛梅乌斯·范·德·赫尔斯特《弩手协会之宴》[英国 伦敦] 达利奇画廊 伦勃朗·哈尔曼松·范·莱茵《雅各布三世》 弗兰斯·哈尔斯《情侣肖像》 维米尔《窗前读信的少女》《地理学家》 生物学家玛利亚·西碧拉·梅里安 荷兰殖民地苏里南[英国] 宫廷画师约翰·佐法尼《莫当特上校的斗鸡比赛》[印度 莫卧儿帝国] 宫廷画师吴拉姆·阿里·汗《詹姆斯·斯基纳上校》《加加尔的穆罕穆德汗纳瓦布》《阿尔瓦尔全景》Ep. 7 光辉（Radiance）[法国] 亚眠主教坐堂哥特式建筑马赛克窗[意大利] 乔凡尼·贝利尼《圣匝加利亚教堂祭坛画》提香·韦切利奥《绗缝袖子的男人》[英国] 国家美术馆 提香·韦切利奥《酒神巴克斯与阿里阿德涅》[德国 巴伐利亚] 维尔茨堡宫 贾姆巴蒂斯塔·提埃坡罗《阿波罗》[印度 拉贾斯坦邦焦特布尔] 侯丽节《在花园中庆祝侯丽节》布拉奇《绝对的三个方面》[西班牙] 弗朗西斯科·德·戈雅《圣伊西德罗节草甸》《圣伊西德罗朝圣者》《战争的灾难》《伟大的公山羊》《命运三女神》《吞食其子的农神》《半沉的狗》[日本] 木版画 铃木春信《逃离骤雨的女人》浮世绘 喜多川歌麿《花魁佳楚绪梳妆图》春宫图 歌川国贞《正写相生源氏》风景画 葛饰北斋《富岳三十六景》《甲州石班泽》[法国 巴黎] 奥赛博物馆 克洛德·莫奈《干草堆》[美国 加州 洛杉矶]保罗·盖蒂博物馆 克洛德·莫奈《鲁昂主教坐堂》[法国 巴黎] 罗丹美术馆 文森特·梵高《唐吉老爹》[美国 纽约] 大都会艺术博物馆 文森特·梵高《收割者》[法国 巴黎] 奥赛博物馆 文森特·梵高《罗纳河上的星夜》亨利·马蒂斯《摩洛哥人》《伊卡洛斯》 玫瑰经教堂

图6 提香·韦切利奥《酒神巴克斯与阿里阿德涅》

图7 文森特·梵高《罗纳河上的星夜》

图8 文森特·梵高《星夜》Ep. 8 多样的文明 进步的执念（The cult of progress）[英国] 德比博物馆和艺术馆 约瑟夫·赖特《阿克赖特纺织厂》[澳大利亚 墨尔本] 维多利亚国家美术馆 约瑟夫·赖特《自画像》[英国] 伦敦国家画廊 约瑟夫·赖特《气泵里的鸟实验》拿破仑 《对埃及的描述》[法国 巴黎] 卢浮宫 德拉克洛瓦《房间里的阿尔及尔女人》[西班牙] 加泰罗尼亚国家艺术博物馆 维拉斯奎兹《宫女》[美国 马萨诸塞州]克拉克艺术学院博物馆 让-里奥·杰罗姆《奴隶市场》[法国 巴黎] 卢浮宫 让-奥古斯特·多米尼克·安格尔《土耳其浴女》[英国 利物浦] 泰特现代艺术馆 特纳《达德利，伍斯特郡》[美国] 克利夫兰艺术博物馆 托马斯·科尔《斯科伦山风景》弗雷德里克·埃德温·丘奇《尼亚加拉瀑布》 哈丽雅特·坎尼·皮尔《kaatersjill clove》[新西兰] 毛利文化[捷克] 比尔森西波西米亚美术馆 戈特弗里德·林道尔《自画像》[美国 纽约] 历史学会 托马斯·科尔《帝国的进程》美洲原住民文化[英国] 伦敦国家美术馆 乔治·卡特林《See-non-ty-a 爱荷华州的医生》《白云，爱荷华州酋长》[美国] 华盛顿特区国家美术馆 乔治·卡特林《kah-Beck-a，双胞胎，血手的妻子》戈特弗里德·林道尔《Te Rangiotu》纹身艺术路易·雅克·达盖尔 银版摄影法尤金·奥斯曼 城市规划查尔斯·马威勒 城市建筑纳达尔 大仲马 马奈[法国 巴黎]奥赛博物馆 皮埃尔·奥古斯特·雷诺阿《红磨坊街的舞会》克劳德·莫奈《圣拉扎尔火车站》[英国] 伦敦国家美术馆 贝尔特·莫里索《夏日》[美国] 芝加哥艺术学院 居斯塔夫·卡耶博特《巴黎的街道·雨天》[美国] 波士顿美术馆 玛丽·卡萨特《在剧院》[法国 巴黎] 奥赛博物馆 埃德加·德加《苦艾酒》[英国 伦敦] 考托艺术学院 爱德华·马奈《女神游乐厅的吧台》[巴黎] 世博会 埃菲尔铁塔[美国] 波士顿美术馆 保罗·高更《自画像》《阿尔勒附近的风景》[法国殖民地 南太平洋大溪地] 保罗·高更《大溪地风光》《塔哈马纳的祖辈》《玛丽亚，我们向您致敬》《死者的灵魂注视着》《海滩上的大溪地女人》《the siesta》《我们从哪里来？

我们是什么？

我们往哪里去？

》[美国] 纽约现代艺术博物馆 巴勃罗·毕加索《亚维农的少女》[捷克比尔森西波西米亚美术馆 戈特弗里德·林道尔《自画像》

图9 维拉斯奎兹《宫女》

图10 皮埃尔·奥古斯特·雷诺阿《红磨坊街的舞会》

图11 爱德华·马奈《女神游乐厅的吧台》

图12 巴勃罗·毕加索《亚维农的少女》Ep. 9 文明之火 生生不息（The Vital Spark）[捷克 特雷西恩施塔特] 犹太人集中营 弗利德·迪克·布朗德斯[捷克 布拉格平卡斯] 犹太会堂[日本] 地中美术馆 建筑设计师安藤忠雄 克劳德·莫奈《睡莲》詹姆斯·特瑞尔《淡蓝》《开放的天空》沃尔特·德·玛丽亚《时间/永恒/没有时间》皮特·蒙德里安 《泽兰的灯塔》《沙丘》[荷兰 海尔德兰省] 克勒勒·米勒博物馆 皮特·蒙德里安《码头与海洋10号作品》[荷兰] 海牙市立博物馆 皮特·蒙德里安《红、黄、蓝、灰与黑构图》[美国] 纽约现代艺术博物馆 皮特·蒙德里安《百老汇的爵士乐》皮特·蒙德里安 《胜利之舞》最后作品，未完成杰克逊·波洛克《第31号》《蓝杆：第11号》[西班牙 马德里] 提森·波涅米萨博物馆 威廉·德·库宁 《抽象》[美国] 克利夫兰艺术博物馆 李·克拉斯纳《庆典》[美国] 纽约现代艺术博物馆 安迪·沃霍尔《玛丽莲·梦露》《金宝罐头汤》[法国 巴黎] 现代艺术博物馆 马塞尔·杜尚《喷泉》伟恩·第伯《蛋糕》[美国] 惠特尼美国艺术博物馆 贾斯珀·约翰斯《三面美国国旗》[美国] 华盛顿国家美术馆 伟恩·第伯《唇膏》[美国] 纽约现代艺术博物馆 詹姆斯·罗森奎斯特《F-111》[德国] 汉堡美术馆 卡斯帕·大卫·弗里德里希《云海中的旅行者》安塞尔姆·基弗《瓦尔哈拉》《Böse Blumen》《钢铁之路》《Nigredo》《天才和暴徒》《兵工厂》[美国] 亚特兰大高级艺术博物馆 卡拉·沃克 石头山剪影、《The Jubilant Martyrs of Obsolescence adn Ruin》《非洲人/美国人》《微妙》《christ entry into journalism》弗朗西斯科·德·戈雅《战争的灾难》[尼日利亚] 加纳艺术家艾尔・安纳祖《引力与格瑞丝》[中国] 蔡国强爆炸艺术《天堂组合》[捷克] 布拉格国家美术馆 艾未未《行之道》米歇尔·鲁芙娜《Untitled 10 ( Panorama )》《tracing yellow》《tkufot》《retzef》

图13 皮特·蒙德里安《红、黄、蓝、灰与黑构图》

图14 皮特·蒙德里安《百老汇的爵士乐》

图13 安迪·沃霍尔《玛丽莲·梦露》l 短评所有的文明都渴望留下一段历史，人们会通过各种文明产生的艺术，感受到那种最初的感动，并尝试理解那段历史上的文明。

通过理解艺术，进而理解文明，以及文明与文明之间的纽带与联系。

艺术能帮助人去了解真实的世界，打破时间与空间，帮助人们更好地了解世界和我们自己。

在历史的弥留之际，仿佛所有的更替、辉煌、泯灭，都已成为人类艺术的一种形式，而祖先为探寻文明踏过的痕迹，已然成为了一种不朽的文明。

第一集，我第一次听到纪录片大量的提及三星堆文化，讲到了玛雅文明，这是我常听到的，还有几个文明真的是不太了解。

看到很多文明遗址的震撼，因为是国外的感触真的比较少。

先这样吧👏👏。

第二集是女性科学家讲的，可能还是由于我外国文明了解太少，观看起来理解困难，也记不太住，总觉得可以和河森堡最新一期的了不起的博物馆的雅典博物馆配合食用比较好，大致还是介绍了墨西哥也就是中美洲的文明以及雅典雕塑作品。

真的太美了太厉害了。

就公元前三世纪四世纪都能制作出这么精美的雕塑。

唯一有印象的还是秦始皇兵马俑，但由于是bbc制作的所以很难在情感上产生共鸣。

这个图是别人制作的，相当于第一集的总结。

我再接下去看，希望今晚之前能刷完剩下的7集

『人像艺术 最经得起时间洗礼的艺术形式』参观或是游览的时间总是会感叹古人的创作力和创造力…他们才是智慧与体力的完美结合…没有科学技术很多工序工作只能徒手完成，但是很多科学成果的最初雏形却来源于他们…千百年来，他们创造的一切传到了现在，有形的无形的皆是……这样的历史供后人观瞻…可是不知道千百年后已经作古的我们能传承哪些有形的无形的历史记忆呢？

正如西蒙·沙玛在最后一集《人性的火花》所说，文明是一个很宏大的词汇，但文明真正的力量却来自那些简单的小东西——壶，印刷品，挂毯以及雕刻品，或者源自那些恢宏的建筑和精美的画作。

它不是出自国家意志，或者某个富裕阶层的要求，它更多的来自于那些天赋异禀的艺术家们为全人类创造艺术的内心渴求。

这些经由自由心灵，敏锐洞察力，无与伦比的创造力所创作出来的最美好的东西，注定将被永久地保存下去。

对抗这个同样被我们创造出来的充满暴力，战争，迁徙，破坏，死亡的满目疮痍的世界。

“伟大的艺术自其诞生的那一刻起就把分割我们的时空堡垒给打破了。

它给我们带来了暂停，它让我们以无数种意想不到的方式来重新构想这个世界。

这就是为什么即使处在这个充斥着电子图片和闪烁屏幕的狂躁的现代，我们仍能在艺术中发现其他地方发现不了的，即以某种方式将我们与永恒而深刻的东西连接起来的喜悦之情。

这也是为什么会有数百万人涌入画廊或博物馆去参观艺术品的原因所在。

”

EP4讲宗教的一集，和上次看Simon Schama写的《艺术的力量》中毕加索的那一集一样，在最后讨论从前的文化对于现代意义这一段，给了我很大的惊喜。

塞尔维亚Macarena大教堂里极尽华丽的Virgin Mary像，以及一年一度的盛大游行里，拍摄捕捉了信仰者仿佛被圣灵感应极尽动情的画面。

然后话锋一转，讨论艺术作为手段，是为宗教精神服务，或者艺术作品本身成为了崇拜的对象？

Is this art in service of the divine, or has the art itself become holy?是所有的宗教几乎都会面临的idolatry的问题——我们在崇拜的，究竟是我们意识中的那个神，还是我们造出来的这个神？

如果信仰的终极目的是纯粹的信仰和精神的交流，那么其中一个关键就是“eliminate opulent aesthetic or potentially sinful representation of things”。

不为形式所迷地，直达信仰的核心。

信仰者作为独立个体，在宗教信仰中学习和反思自身的痛苦和困境，进而借助超越自身的力量进行突破和成长，是我一直以来领悟到的信仰的力量。

诚然，信仰也能给人带来安全感，庞大的物质和金钱投注建造的华丽神像能让人有震慑的感觉。

然而这种压倒性的观感并不能形成永恒的力量，留在人的心里。

甚至会让人因为迷恋这种与更庞大的力量相触碰的感觉而沉溺其中，放弃个人的独立性。

其实无论是宗教还是技术，人类永远有把手段变为目的、本末倒置、沉溺其中的能力。

历史上乃至现在，这样的事情都比比皆是。

以至于在最后讲到对于iconoclasm反对idolatry的运动、以及现代装置艺术与教堂的融合的时候，因为感觉到人类对于自身文化进程的反思，深深被感动了。

因为还是有人不甘于沉溺在日复一日的惯性中，保持着警惕和自省，并以此来唤醒别人。

这就是civilisation最好的诠释吧。

解说写的实在太漂亮，决定挑一些喜欢的誊下来。

时隔一年半，我终于把剩下的三集看完了。

一集一集写。

E06 Radiance26’20’’ GoyaThe Black Paintings seem to me to be an endgame for Goya, not just in his own life and career in his 70s, but also his feeling about an endgame for art, the art that aspired through beauty to ennoble the spirit of civilization.

Shock at his own monstrousness, Francisco de Goya,1820-1823 https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/saturn/18110a75-b0e7-430c-bc73-2a4d55893bd6One of the most terrifying of all these paintings, perhaps the most famous one, shows Saturn devouring one of his children. That’s what it’s come to. The huge tradition of classical mythology reduced to a mad, antic, capering monster, chewing on the stump of a small body, but look at that body. Not a child at all. It’s the body miniaturized of a female nude. Two millennia of looking at the nude, of seeing it as a symbol of art’s perfection is reduced to this horrifying image of sadistic cruelty.

Fight with Cudgels, or Fight to Death with Clubs, Francisco de Goya, 1820-1823https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/duel-with-cudgels-or-fight-to-the-death-with-clubs/2f2f2e12-ed09-45dd-805d-f38162c5beafIn one of the paintings, he puts the lights back on. We’re able to see something, but what is it we’re seeing? The light is given to us to reveal another kind of horror. These two huge peasant-like figures beating the living daylights out of each other. Blood is streaming down the head of one of them, even as they sink deeper and deeper into a kind of sandy quagmire. This is what Spain has become. Endless, relentless, mutual slaughter. Now, all these monsters and horrors and demons and dragons of course had appeared all over European art before, but where had they appeared? They’d appeared in images of the Last Judgment and the Apocalypse, and they were always balanced by a sense of the optimism of salvation. But Goya has come to the conclusion that God is absent without leave and there is one painting, which in a sense is least likely to have the horrifying pessimistic eloquence, but it does.

The Drowning Dog, Francisco de Goya, 1820-1823https://www.museodelprado.es/en/the-collection/art-work/the-drowning-dog/4ea6a3d1-00ee-49ee-b423-ab1c6969bca6There are no figures, there’s just a dog, a mutt. But for this dog, the master is gone, dead, slaughtered, missing. He’s no longer going to be fed. He’s simply faced with drowning inside this formless brown vacuum. It’s all come down to this, then. A dog without a master. Spain without its god. Humanity absolutely without civilization.E01 Second Moment of Creation4’53’’We can spend a lot of time debating what civilization is or isn’t, but when it’s opposite shows up, in all its brutality and cruelty and intolerance and lust for destruction, we know what civilization is; we know it from the shock of its imminent loss as a mutilation on the body of our humanity.16’58’’With this exquisite, intensively carved female head, we have for the first time, something immensely and movingly momentous. We have the revelation of the human face. It’s a tiny thing, it can just go in the palm of your hand and it could have only been made by an extraordinary array of dexterous skills. 39’36’’Ultimately, all civilizations want exactly what they can’t have: the conquest of time. So they build bigger, higher and grander as if they could build their way out of mortality, and it never works. There always comes a moment where the most populous of cities with their markets and temples and palaces and funeral tombs are simply abandoned. And that most indefatigable leveller of all, mother nature, closes in, covering the place with desert sand, or strangling it with vegetation. And then, civilization dies the death of deaths, invisibility. E02 How do we look?25'41"The one thing you really get here is that size matters. These vast monumental figures, perhaps four or five times life size and with that nice hint that they’d been even bigger if they bothered to stand up for you, simply dominate. They take over your field of vision. It’s an assertion of the power of the pharaoh through his huge, superhuman, enthroned body.33’31”If early Athenian pottery reflects how man and women were expected to live within the social context of the city, its statues attempt to embody the interior life within. The beginning of the fifth century BCE saw an amazing transformation in Greek sculpture. Rigid figures with the fixed gaze of phrasikleia give way to daring new experiments in the human form. One of the first of these is known as the Kritios boy, and he would transform how we see the sculpted human body.The Kritios boy show us that you can signal anteriority through the person’s movement, through their stance. But particularly, if you lose the archaic smile, and you have an expression which isn’t necessarily blank, that immediately invites you, the spectator, to psychologise it. So with that one step, the statue acquires not just a body that is an organism rather than a mechanism, but also what we would probably call, a soul.41’57’’“This was quite simply the most sublime statue of antiquity to have escaped destruction. An eternal springtide, clothes the alluring virility of his mature years with a pleasing youth and plays with soft tenderness upon the lofty structure of his limbs."49’46’’We still have a lot of really unexamined assumptions about what constitutes a beautiful or desirable body. We have a lot of unexamined assumptions about what constitutes an attractive, or aesthetically appealing way to look. And you have only to open up the pages of a women’s magazine, as people are commonly pointing out, to see how incredibly narrow the space is in a certain kind of western aesthetic consciousness, for what a woman can look like. Similar kinds of things can be applied to men as well.Reinforced by commercial interests, the cult of youth and beauty begun by the ancient Greeks, is perhaps more powerful than ever today. E03 Picturing Paradise6’34’’

李成《晴峦萧寺图》http://collection.sina.com.cn/zgsh/20121116/152092655.shtmlWhat makes Li Cheng’s painting a masterpiece, is that it literally rises above royal propaganda. As our eye ascends through the painting, so our whole approach to it also ascends to a higher order of question. And Li Cheng has changed the wash of the ink. It’s lighter, finer, more ethereal. It suggests deep distance. But depths of our own response as well as physical depths. What is nature? What lies beyond surface appearance? What truly moves the universe? And how above all, does the dialogue between flowing water and the adamant face of that eroded rock, bring us harmony?18’56’’But renaissance humanism took a different attitude to the serpent of temptation. This is Villa Barbaro. … A place where renaissance ideals of culture and sophistication could meet the earthy pleasures of the country. A building of harmony, grace and pleasure, where it would be forever summer. Leonardo Da Vinci wrote something fascinating. He says, “one of the values of painting is it can show you the beauty of nature and perhaps your lover in nature, in the middle of winter.” When you’re stuck inside, you’re stuck indoors, but you can remember what the meadows and what lovely picnics were like last summer by looking at a painting of it.If you extend that into a kind of a theory of landscape art, you might say that the first way that people express the desire to escape into landscape is by actually creating escapist worlds.30’41”

Hunters in the Snow, Pieter Bruegel 1565https://www.wikiart.org/en/pieter-bruegel-the-elder/hunters-in-the-snow-1565Bruegel painted these compendious, visually inexhaustible masterpieces after the longest, bleakest, coldest Flemish winter anyone could remember. Let’s just think for a minute the way in which Bruegel makes us look at these pictures. On the one hand, they are an invitation into a wealth of detail, wherever our eye travels, it picks out these lovely minutiae of work and play. The skaters gliding across the ice. Our eye travels from one kind of landscape, a village huddled on the hill, to a completely different one. A frozen mountain or a storm tossed estuary out to the broad open sea. But there are moments as well when the pure compositional muscle that Bruegel can command makes everything come together in one great universal vision. It makes us stop. It makes us have a moment of contemplation. And then If we’re very, very lucky, like these wonderful paintings, it all seems to add up. A whole of the human condition and our special little place within it. 40’30”There were a few kind of particular characteristics that marked out the American approach to the landscape. One of those was a sense of inferiority and competition with Europe that Americans in the 18thcentury and the early 19thcentury, were the poor country cousins. And they were on the outermost fringe of an European world in which they had been taught that Rome is the centre of all art, that the best landscapes, the tallest mountains are to be found in Switzerland. And here are Americans, on the threshold really of their own great continent, which they are beginning increasingly to move west across, trying to say, “wait, you know what, we have really high mountains also. And we have really big animals that we can celebrate in the same terms you guys are using but with our characters instead.” And I think that was out of inferiority in a funny sense, that a kind of American pride in the American landscape was born. 43’21”More and more (Ansel) Adam’s photographs became preachy. But those vision sermons were radiant, mystical, ecstatic. They were passionate statements about how humanity could be redeemed through the encounter with nature. But throughout, he remains steadfast that his job in life is to give visual form to that silken cord, tying together the fate of man with the fate of the earth.E04 The Eye of Faith43’49’’What all of these movements within religions have in common is that they come along saying we have a purer form of faith than the one that is currently being practiced, and if your fundamental goal is purity, then one of the central things you might try to do would be to eliminate opulent aesthetic or potentially sinful representations of things to act as intermediaries, because then maybe you’re just worshipping the object, you’re not actually worshipping the divine. So it makes sense that protestants in the Reformation went into the monasteries and stripped everything out saying “it’s time to get rid of these images.” 51’35’’We passionately want to rediscover the spiritual in art, we passionately want to discover that kind of power and purpose that religious art has. Whether it’s reinventing Christian art in cathedrals or whether it’s reinventing Islamic art, it’s about wanting to resacralise art, wanting to rediscover that wonderful, almost magical, charismatic purpose that religious art has. For much of history, art has been religious art. For some, the creative impulse has been the very expression of divinity. For others, a challenge to God’s authority. For those that believe, religious art has always been transformative; yet for everyone, art retains a primal, spiritual feeling, a way to express the mysterious and it speaks to our earliest human drive to touch and define a world beyond our own. E05 The Triumph of Art50’49’’Out there the western hurly burly is getting ready to make terrible mischief to smash its way into the domed heavenly vault, to stick its bloody great brutal boots right into the paradise garden. It’ll make an empire based on machines, money and muskets. Then slowly but surely, the Moghul Empire will disappear entirely inside its courtly refinement, becoming inextricably just a cultural ornament. After centuries of extraordinary flowering, the eastern Renaissance was transformed by the twin forces of empire and colonialism. The delicate blooms and glowing jewels survived in what Europeans wore on their bodies and how they decorate their homes. While painters were mislabeled as miniaturists, as they were forced at least for a time, to rely on the patronage of their new British rulers. Western art critics increasingly called the artistic beauty of the east decorative, to distinguish it from pictures they put in frames where Europeans consider real art. But it was in the east, that the ancient meaning of ars, craft was preserved in all its splendor and still is. Because here, unlike in the west, the Renaissance wasn’t about the rebirth of classical knowledge. Unlike Europe, the east had never lost touch with its ancient heritage. A rich heritage which it continues to celebrate and share with the world to this day. E06 First Contact 28’07’’

《冰山屏风》圆山应举Cracked Ice, Maruyama Okyohttps://theartsdesk.com/tv/civilisations-first-contact-bbc-two-review-david-olusoga-goes-goldWhat’s regarded as his greatest work, cracked ice, combined everything Okyo knew from both eastern and western traditions. It’s so subtle, so minimal, a work of art that almost feels like it isn’t there. And everything about it feels ephemeral and frail. It’s painted on paper not canvas as in the west, and great expanses of it are just white blank areas that seem almost untouched by the artist. And yet all of that belies the fact that this is one of the most sophisticated works of cultural synthesis that I know. It shows a sheet of ice, presumably on a lake, and these broken jagged cracks in the ice disappeared into the mist. The effect is three-dimensional space. Now, that is European vanishing point perspective. And yet, this is one of Okyo’s masterworks, just could not be more Japanese, because it’s a philosophical contemplation of two concepts, fundamental to Buddism, imperfection and impermanence. Imperfection because these lines are uncontrolled and irregular; Impermanence because of course the ice will melt. And those two are just as fundamental to Japanese art, as the classical Greek roman ideas of beauty and perfection are to European art. So this is Okyo incorporating European ideas into his art, but in ways that are in keeping with Japanese philosophy and Japanese tastes. 32’11’’In this frenzy of trade and wealth, Dutch art also became the object of conspicuous consumption. A modern commercial art market was born, supplying landscapes, still lifes, portraits and scenes from Dutch life to the aspirational new merchant class. What they wanted in their art was not the pomp of monarchy, or the flamboyance of the catholic church, but a new type of realism, one that reflect their protestant desire to portray the world as it truly was, often with warts and all moral lessons. With art from renaissance, it’s about beauty. Dutch art, it’s not about that, it’s about reality. So you do paint rotten fruits, and you do paint fat ladies that just woke up in their bed. And you do look at dirty dogs in the street. Because it’s about nature in every sense, and not just in the sense that you want it to be, but in the sense it is. 33’22’’One of the star artists of this golden age of Dutch painting was Vermeer. Jan Vermeer is not an artist known for his epic landscapes. Most of his paintings are famously intimate, set within a neat, ordered, almost claustrophobic world of the Dutch home.What Jan Vermeer specialized in was the art of everyday life and his world was an interior world. What he captured on canvas were simple fleeting moments. A woman reading a letter is bathed in a delicate light that pours from a side window. But that only serves to emphasize the fact that we are in an enclosed room and the rest of the world is hidden from sight, that it’s somewhere out there. But if you look a little more closely at the details, what you realise is that Vermeer’s seemingly interior domestic space is infused with the globalism of the Dutch golden age. From the innovative pottery of his hometown of Delft, which mimicked Chinese porcelain, to prized rugs from the orient, and a geographer wearing a fashionable Japanese robe, Vermeer captures a world built on encounters with distant civilizations and peoples.50’05’’Hundreds of public buildings built in the British neoclassical tradition would follow. They represented not only a separation of cultures that had before freely intermingled, they also marked the passing of the age of discovery. The world had entered an age of high empire, in which to justify their exploitations and conquests, European powers would willfully overlook the achievements of other civilisations. It was a story that would be repeated around the globe and we are only just emerging from its cultural legacy today. In a wonderful twist, Richard Wellesley’s government house is used by the government of Bengal. It has been taken back by Indians for their own government. And so we have to unthink some of the inevitability that we tend to ascribe to encounters that ultimately led to European dominance. If you look at the history of European encounters with the non-European world, you find a huge range of ways that they took shape.And although there is a history that has to be told, a story that is one of imperialism, but a story that is also one of globalization, one of increasing interconnection across different parts of the world that has yielded the world in which we live today. Our modern world of digital communication has massively broaden the scope of our encounters, both with foreign cultures and civilisations and within the different cultural groupings of our own. And by connecting new audience with traditional artistic practices, the global art market continues to transform new encounters into new kinds of art. From the reemergence of the long overlooked sacred art, like that of North American first nations, the indigenous people of Australia and the carvings of the African Makonde people, to new artists such as Ghanaian born sculptor El Anatsui, who sews together bottle tops into large scale assemblages that comment on consumption, waste and the environment. Today, in our increasingly globalized civilization, the sheer variety of our encounters both foreign and at home continues to be a major source of inspiration, shaping both our art and our world.

What can art do when horror comes calling?当恐怖来临时，艺术能做什么？

What can art do when civilisation itself is lost?当文明自身迷失时，艺术能做什么？

捷克的特雷津集中营（Theresienstadt），曾在包豪斯学习过的Friedl Dicker-Brandeis来到这里当了孩子们的艺术之母。

战后有4500幅作品在布拉格犹太博物馆（平卡斯会堂，Pinkas Synagogue）展出。

富有飞翔之梦，水下世界，想象中流动着光与风的世界，火车是现实中的死亡天使，幻想中有山有树的拼贴画。

Each picture defies the dehumanisation.Each picture also begs a larger question. What was art to do in the face of a century of total war and genocide.艺术究竟是富人的玩物，茶余饭后的谈资，还是生活必需品？

日本直岛町的地中美术馆（日本企业家福武总一郞），对这个问题有了禅意的回答，回击了日嚣尘上的消费主义和城市中非人的冷漠。

作品包括：莫奈的睡莲，James Turrell的淡蓝色和开放空间Piet Mondrian，皮特-蒙德里安，作品：1910年的《韦斯特佩勒的灯塔》；1909《沙丘之五》（Dune V）；1914年以后的抽象画，仅以横线和竖线画就的《码头与海洋》（Pier and Ocean）；到达纽约之后的三幅，《红黄蓝黑的构成》，Broadway Boogie-Woogie和Victory Boogie-Woogie，画风简单又大胆。

Composition with Large Red Plane, Yellow, Black, Gray and BlueJackson Pollock，另一部纪录片《美国艺术》也提到的，谈论美国艺术绕不开的画家，滴画者dripler Jackson。

与威廉-德-库宁（作品《抽象》）、李-克拉斯纳（作品《庆祝》）等一同被誉为英勇的先驱者。

浮华的美国生活：安迪-沃霍尔《金色的玛丽莲-梦露》，马塞尔-杜尚《喷泉》，伟恩-第伯《蛋糕》，安迪-沃霍尔《金宝汤罐头》，贾斯培-琼斯《三面旗》，伟恩-第伯《口红》——波普艺术。

...a wallowing in the junk from which art was supposed to redeem us.艺术本应是救赎，而这是源源不断的垃圾。

James Rosenquist，詹姆斯-罗斯基斯特《F-111》。

安塞尔姆-基弗在战后废墟中成长，作品：飞机残骸（铅制），行为艺术Occupations（占领），Walhalla（瓦尔哈拉神殿），Bose Blumen（愤怒之花），Nigredo（黑化），Iron Path（铁轨），Arsenal（兵工厂）。

对遗忘发起战争。

德国历史：Casper David Friedrich，《雾海上的旅人》（Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog）。

卡拉-沃克，剪影图描绘奴隶制的暴力：《毁灭的欢喜烈士》《非洲/美洲》《微妙》/《神奇的糖宝宝》，巨大画作《耶稣进入新闻世界》（Christ's Entry into the Journalism），使人回忆起1810年弗朗西斯科-德-戈雅的《战争的灾难》。

加纳艺术家艾尔-安纳祖，金属片镶嵌画，Gravity and Grace。

蔡国强，爆炸，《天堂情结》。

艾未未，《法船》，Law of the Journey。

以色列艺术家Michal Rovner，动态画《无题》《黄色追踪》《涂浮》《瑞泽夫》，描绘居无定所的人们，祷告的人们。

《玛康》，place，居所。

Great art collapses the time and space separating us from its moment of creation. It gives us pause. It makes us reimagine the world in countless, unanticipated ways. That's why even amidst our modern, hepped-up lives of digital swipes and flickering screens, we find in art something that can't be found anywhere else, a rush of delight that somehow also connects us with the enduring and the profound, and that's why people come in their millions to see it in galleries and museums.伟大的艺术自诞生那一刻起就把分割我们的时空壁垒打破了。

它为我们带来暂停。

它让我们以无数种无法预知的方法来重新构想这个世界。

这就是为什么即使处在这个充斥着电子图片和闪烁屏幕的狂躁现代，我们仍能在艺术中发现其他地方发现不了的，即以某种方式将我们与永恒而深刻的东西连接起来的喜悦之情，这也是为什么会有数百万人涌入画廊和博物馆去参观的原因所在。

All the civilisations want what they can't have the conquest of time.They build higher and grander to escape mortality.It never works.There's always an ending.Cities with their markets, temples,palaces and tombs are simply abandoned and that great leveller,Mother Nature,close in,strangling the place with vegetation,covering it with desert sand.It might seem,then,that's all for nothing but that's entirely wrong.All these ruins,all these remains are monuments to human creativity,to human ambitions,human hopes.Monuments to shaping hands and shaping minds.Monuments to humanity itself.